Salmonella Infections of Ducks and Ducklings

Garside, J.S.; Gordon, R. F.

doi:10.1016/s0368-1742(43)80006-0

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The genetic background to poultry has changed considerably over the years. In the literature, ducks are reported to be susceptible to salmonellosis (Dalling & Warrack, 1932;Garside & Gordon, 1944), whereas a recent study using a UK duck line has shown almost complete resistance to systemic Salmonella infection, including S. Gallinarum . In addition, although broilers in the 1980s were highly susceptible to S. Enteritidis (Barrow, 1991), they have recently been found to be much more resistant, indicating genetic fluidity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on the persistence and vertical transmission ofSalmonella entericaserovars Pullorum and Gallinarum in chickens: Effect of bacterial and host genetic background

Berchieri¹,

Murphy²,

Marston³

et al. 2001

Avian Pathology

139

126

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on the persistence and vertical transmission ofSalmonella entericaserovars Pullorum and Gallinarum in chickens: Effect of bacterial and host genetic background

Berchieri¹,

Murphy²,

Marston³

et al. 2001

Avian Pathology

139

126

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“…The earliest reports of foodborne illnesses caused by Salmonella were attributed to duck egg sources as summarized by Scott [4]. Subsequently, the organisms was found in live chicks, ducks and ducklings [5,6]. Although these early reports came from different countries, SE did not become a common cause of foodborne illnesses until the 1980s [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking Salmonella Enteritidis in the Genomics Era: Clade Definition Using a SNP-PCR Assay and Implications for Population Structure

Ogunremi¹,

Gao²,

Slowey³

et al. 2021

Salmonella Spp. - A Global Challenge

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Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (or Salmonella Enteritidis, SE) is one of the oldest members of the genus Salmonella, based on the date of first description and has only gained prominence as a significant bacterial contaminant of food over the last three or four decades. Currently, SE is the most common Salmonella serovar causing foodborne illnesses. Control measures to alleviate human infections require that food isolates be characterized and this was until recently carried out using Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) and phage typing as the main laboratory subtyping tools for use in demonstrating relatedness of isolates recovered from infected humans and the food source. The results provided by these analytical tools were presented with easy-to-understand and comprehensible nomenclature, however, the techniques were inherently poorly discriminatory, which is attributable to the clonality of SE. The tools have now given way to whole genome sequencing which provides a full and comprehensive genetic attributes of an organism and a very attractive and superior tool for defining an isolate and for inferring genetic relatedness among isolates. A comparative phylogenomic analysis of isolates of choice provides both a visual appreciation of relatedness as well as quantifiable estimates of genetic distance. Despite the considerable information provided by whole genome analysis and development of a phylogenetic tree, the approach does not lend itself to generating a useful nomenclature-based description of SE subtypes. To this end, a highly discriminatory, cost-effective, high throughput, validated single nucleotide based genotypic polymerase chain reaction assay (SNP-PCR) was developed focussing on 60 polymorphic loci. The procedure was used to identify 25 circulating clades of SE, the largest number so far described for this organism. The new subtyping test, which exploited whole genome sequencing data, displays the attributes of an ideal subtyping test: high discrimination, low cost, rapid, highly reproducible and epidemiological concordance. The procedure is useful for identifying the subtype designation of an isolate, for defining the population structure of the organism as well as for surveillance and outbreak detection.

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“…Many different serotypes of salmonella have been isolated from ducks, most of these being of public health significance but some, including S. gallinarum, S. pullorum, S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis and S. anatum, can cause considerable losses in birds of less than a few weeks of age [6,7]. Death has been reported to result from a combination of systemic salmonellosis and diarrhoea, the disease being referred to, in the past, as ' keel ' disease, so-called because animals remained apparently healthy until they keeled over and died [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella infection in a commercial line of ducks; Experimental studies on virulence, intestinal colonization and immune protection

et al. 1999

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Experimental infections of different salmonella serotypes were established in a commercial line of ducks to provide baseline information on which control measures might be based. The ducks were very resistant to systemic infection with Salmonella typhimurium, S. enteritidis and S. gallinarum within 36 h of hatching. This was associated with an inherent inability of the strains to multiply in the reticulo-endothelial system. The resistance was not associated with poor invasiveness or serum sensitivity. Individual strains of S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis, S. heidelberg and S. orion colonized the gut well and were excreted in the faeces for at least 6 weeks by ducks when they were infected orally within 2 days of hatching. The main sites of colonization were the caeca and, to a lesser extent, the crop. Viable counts of each inoculated strain in the caeca remained in excess of 10(6) c.f.u. 3 weeks after infection although the organisms had been cleared from the spleen by this time. Much less excretion occurred when the birds were infected at 3 weeks of age. When infected ducks, which had cleared themselves of infection, were challenged orally with the homologous strain expressing a different genetic marker, very low levels of excretion of the challenge strain were detected when compared with a control group. After infection low titres of circulating lipopolysaccharide-specific IgG antibodies were detected by an ELISA. Intestinal colonization of newly hatched ducks with an aroA strain of S. enteritidis resulted in extensive colonization which exerted an exclusion effect on the parent strain inoculated 24 h later.

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Salmonella Infections of Ducks and Ducklings

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Observations on the persistence and vertical transmission ofSalmonella entericaserovars Pullorum and Gallinarum in chickens: Effect of bacterial and host genetic background

Observations on the persistence and vertical transmission ofSalmonella entericaserovars Pullorum and Gallinarum in chickens: Effect of bacterial and host genetic background

Tracking Salmonella Enteritidis in the Genomics Era: Clade Definition Using a SNP-PCR Assay and Implications for Population Structure

Salmonella infection in a commercial line of ducks; Experimental studies on virulence, intestinal colonization and immune protection

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