Salmonella infections of the newborn infant

Epstein, Harold C.; Hochwald, Adolf; Ashe, Rosemary

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(51)80134-3

Cited by 42 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…For example, one outbreak of Salmonella infection was traced to an electrician who repaired the water bath used to warm formula. 5 Nursery personnel are often held suspect for the index case of staphylococcal infection, and not always on good grounds. The retro- spective finding of a nurse carrier of the infecting phage type is not adequate evidence that she was the initial source, for she may have acquired the strain from the infant rather than vice versa.…”

Section: Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spread of Epidemic Infection Among Newborn Infants

Hurst

1965

Postgraduate Medicine

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Section: Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spread of Epidemic Infection Among Newborn Infants

Hurst

1965

Postgraduate Medicine

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“…Yet in the newborn of homeothermic mammals the febrile response is generally thought to be reduced or absent. In man it is a common view based on clinical observation that newborn infants may suffer severe infection without an obvious fever [4,5], In newborn rabbits [6], guinea pigs [7,8] and lambs [9] a febrile response to injection of endotoxin has been reported to be reduced or absent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Changes in Endotoxin Sensitivity and the Febrile Response of Newborn Rabbits

Hull

McIntyre²,

Vinter³

1993

Neonatology

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Thermoregulatory responses to pyrogens in the immediate newborn period have been reported suppressed or undeveloped. In this study we investigated these responses in the newborn rabbit. Endotoxin (Escherichia coli LPS) was injected intraperitoneally in rabbits at different doses on day 0 (day of delivery), 1 or 3 of life, each animal being used only once. Oxygen consumption (VO₂) and colonic temperature (Tc) were measured continuously for up to 5 h following endotoxin administration. On all days, a thermogenic response of a similar pattern was seen. At a low dose of endotoxin, there was a monophasic rise in VO₂ that reached a peak at 2 h, followed by a plateau phase lasting a further 2-3 h. At an intermediate dose the response was biphasic with an initial smaller peak after 45-60 min and a second more sustained peak developing by about 2 h. At a higher dose the depression between the two peaks became deeper and longer with the second peak becoming more delayed and weaker. As animals got older, the doses needed to produce this sequence increased. On day 0 the increased VO₂ caused by endotoxin was not accompanied by an increase in Tc. By day 3, Tc rose with the increase in VO₂. We conclude that rabbits on the day of delivery respond to endotoxin with an increase in VO₂ and by day 3 this is accompanied by an increase in Tc. The pattern of VO₂, changes from monophasic to biphasic with increasing doses of endotoxin and the sensitivity to endotoxin decreases over the first 3 days of life.

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“…In the last 30 years, several reports of outbreaks of Salmonella gastroenteritis in hospitalized patients have been published (1,6,10,12,15,16,22,25,27). Some of the reported outbreaks have been due to multiply antibioticresistant Salmonella strains.…”

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Outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium gastroenteritis due to an imported strain resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in a nursery

Lamb¹,

Mayhall²,

Spadora³

et al. 1984

J Clin Microbiol

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An outbreak caused by a highly resistant strain of Salmonella typhimurium occurred in a nursery at a university medical center. The outbreak strain, which was resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, was apparently imported from the Far East by a Cambodian refugee. The five patients involved had severe underlying diseases, and bacteremia and meningitis developed in one of these patients. The only reservoir identified was the gastrointestinal tracts of the infected patients, and infection was probably transmitted by the contaminated hands of hospital personnel. The outbreak was rapidly brought under control by isolating cases outside of the nursery and by instituting enteric precautions for infants who remained in the nursery. When compared by disk diffusion susceptibility tests with 353 strains of S. typhimurium tested at the Centers for Disease Control, the imported strain had a unique antibiogram. Bacteriophage typing of the strains revealed that all were untypable; this, in itself, was a good marker, because only 5 to 10% of S. typhimurium isolates in this country have this property. Agarose gel electrophoresis of isolates from the five patients revealed an identical plasmid banding pattern consisting of three large and three small plasmids. Highly resistant strains of S. typhimurium imported from the Far East may spread rapidly when introduced into a hospital nursery. Prompt institution of control measures may limit the outbreak and prevent systemic infections for which there are few effective therapeutic agents.

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Salmonella infections of the newborn infant

Cited by 42 publications

References 18 publications

Spread of Epidemic Infection Among Newborn Infants

Spread of Epidemic Infection Among Newborn Infants

Age-Related Changes in Endotoxin Sensitivity and the Febrile Response of Newborn Rabbits

Outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium gastroenteritis due to an imported strain resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in a nursery

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