Salmonella osteomyelitis in childhood. A report of 63 cases seen in Nigerian children of whom 57 had sickle cell anaemia.

Adeyokunnu, A A; Hendrickse, R. G.

doi:10.1136/adc.55.3.175

Cited by 129 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Children with immunodeficiencies such as an impaired reticuloendothelial system or cellular immune response or SCD may have a predisposition. Adeyokunnu et al reported 90% of patients with Salmonella osteomyelitis had SCD in their study [9]. Our patient did not have SCD, but a previous trauma of affected bones or skeletal prostheses can also increase the possibility of Salmonella osteomyelitis [3], as seen in our patient.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Trauma Associated Acute Navicular Salmonella Osteomyelitis

Kara¹

2016

Ann Clin Anal Med

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ÖzetAcute osteomyelitis (AOM) is a devastating disease with potential sequela and mortality in case of delay in diagnosis and treatment. Navicula can be involved rarely and Salmonella species can cause AOM in otherwise healthy children. In this report, a 4-year-old boy without immunodeficiency, sickle-cell disease, and any history of gastrointestinal symptoms or suspicious food consumption, but with an ankle sprain history, presented with acute navicular Salmonella osteomyelitis. He recovered without surgical intervention and complication. Trauma can facilitate salmonella osteomyelitis in otherwise healthy children. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can prevent complications and the requirement of surgical interventions in AOM. Anahtar KelimelerChildren; Navicula; Osteomyelitis; Salmonella Enteritidis; Sickle Cell Disease AbstractAkut osteomyelit tanı ve tedavide gecikme olması durumunda yol açabileceği olası sekeller ve mortalite nedeniyle tahrip edici olabilecek bir hastalıktır. Navikula nadiren tutulur ve Salmonella türleri de sağlıklı çocuklarda akut osteomyelite neden olabilir. Burada 4 yaşında, daha önce bilinen bir immün yetmezliği, orak hücreli anemisi, hiç bir gastrointestinal yakınma ya da süpheli besin tüketim öyküsü olmayan, ancak ayak bileği burkulma öyküsü olan ve akut naviküler Salmonella osteomiyeliti tanısı konulan bir erkek çocuk olgusu sunulmuştur. Hasta cerrahi geçir-meden ve komplikasyon gelişmeden iyileşmiştir. Travma, altta yatan hastalığı olmayan, sağlıklı çocuklarda Salmonella osteomyelitini kolaylaştırabilmektedir.Uygun tanı ve tedavi, akut osteomiyelitin komplikasyonlarını ve gerekebilecek bir cerrahi girişimi engelleyebilir.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Trauma Associated Acute Navicular Salmonella Osteomyelitis

Kara¹

2016

Ann Clin Anal Med

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“…9,15 The extraordinary susceptibility of patients with SCD to Salmonella osteomyelitis was first described fully in 1951 by Hodges and Holt 15 and has since been confirmed in several studies. 17,18 Over 70% of osteomyelitis seen in our patients with SCD was caused by non-typhoid Salmonella spp. The relative incidence is four times that of Staphylococcus aureus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17,18 Over 70% of osteomyelitis seen in our patients with SCD was caused by non-typhoid Salmonella spp. The relative incidence is four times that of Staphylococcus aureus.…”

Section: 15mentioning

confidence: 99%

Salmonella as a Causative Organism of Various Infections in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease

2003

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Background:Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are susceptible to a variety of bacterial infections, including infections caused by Salmonella species. We sought to identify the most common infections caused by Salmonella spp. in SCD patients at our hospital, and to determine their mortality rates and susceptibility to commonly used antimicrobial agents. Patients and Methods:We conducted a retrospective review of all Salmonella infections in SCD patients admitted to Qatif Central Hospital during the last 11 years. Results: During the 11 years of the study, 331 episodes of Salmonella infection occurred in 319 patients. The incidence of Salmonella infection in SCD patients was 11.5% compared to only 0.65% in the general hospital population. The commonest sites of Salmonella infection were blood (42% of isolates), followed by gastrointestinal tract (23.5%) and the skeletal system (22.5%). Salmonella infection was commonly seen in patients less than 15 years of age. The case fatality rate in patients with Salmonella sepsis was 2.2% (3/139), but there were no deaths associated with other types of Salmonella infections. Ampicillin and cotrimoxazole resistance occurred in 29% and 24% of the isolates, respectively, but only 0.6% were resistant to ceftriaxone and 1.8% had intermediate resistance to ciprofloxacin. Conclusions: Salmonella is a common cause of sepsis and osteomyelitis in patients with SCD in our locality. Qatif Central Hospital is the major referral hospital for the Inhabitants of Qatif, an area that has the highest incidence of the sickle cell gene in Saudi Arabia.12 Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are susceptible to a variety of bacterial infections, which are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. This increased susceptibility to infections is related to abnormalities in the defense mechanisms of these patients, including functional hyposplenism, 3 an abnormality in the alternative pathway of complement activities, 4 and defective neutrophil function.5 Devitalisation of the gut and bone due to repetitive vaso-occlusive crises, macrophage saturation with red cell breakdown products as a result of chronic haemolysis, and underlying splenic and hepatic dysfunction, are known to predispose patients with SCD to Salmonella infection. This study was designed to identify the most common infections caused by Salmonella spp. in SCD patients at our hospital, the mortality rate associated with these infections, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Patients and MethodsA retrospective review was carried out on all SCD patients who were admitted to Qatif Central Hospital between January 1990 through December 2000, with documented Salmonella isolation from the blood, pus, aspirate, stool, or mid-stream urine. Patients with SCD (Hb SS genotype) were identified on the basis of a positive sickling test and hemoglobin electrophoresis. The records of these patients were examined for age at onset, sex, site of Salmonella infection, mortality rate, and the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates.Blood cultu...

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“…The onset is usually insidious with no acute febrile illness and general reaction. In patients with sickle cell disease the shaft is more commonly involved than the metaphysis, it may be multifocal and frequently the invading organism is salmonella [1]. Cole [3] has classified childhood chronic osteomyelitis in non-specific and specific groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic osteomyelitis: a continuing orthopaedic challenge in developing countries

Museru

Mcharo

2001

International Orthopaedics (SICOT)

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Nine patients with chronic osteomyelitis, three with problems due to diagnosis, three with dilemmas regarding treatment and three with other complications are presented. It is suggested that although the diagnosis of osteomyelitis in most cases is straightforward, presentation might sometimes be similar to other conditions, which can lead to a dilemma in the diagnosis. Because of the formidable complications, which may be difficult to manage and the difficulty in guaranteeing permanent cure, the best approach is prevention by judicious treatment of acute haematogenous osteomyelitis and of open fractures.Résumé Présentation de 9 malades atteints d'ostéomy-élite chronique: trois avec des problèmes diagnostiques, trois avec des difficultés thérapeutiques et trois avec les plusieurs autres complications. Il apparait que bien que le diagnostic d'ostéomyélite soit dans la plupart des cas avancé facilement l'aspect peut parfois être trompeur, avec des hésitations diagnostiques. À cause des complications redoutables qui peuvent être difficiles à traiter et la difficulté d'obtenir une guérison, il faut insister sur la prévention par le traitement correct de l'ostéomyélite aigue hématogène et des fractures ouvertes. IntroductionThe diagnosis of chronic osteomyelitis spells a challenge, not only for the patient but also for the attending surgeon, due to the fact that treatment may not be effective because of the high recurrence rates and also due to potential complications. In the majority of patients diagnosis is usually straightforward; however, in some patients, different conditions may present with similar clinical features. This may pose a serious diagnostic problem because some of these conditions may be malignant.The improvement in both socio-economic status and health care delivery in developed countries has substantially decreased the prevalence of chronic osteomyelitis in their communities. However, unfortunately, in developing countries the situation is different. The incidence of acute haematogenous osteomyelitis is not only high but is either misdiagnosed or under-treated [5]. Apart from this, the increase in trauma, notably from road traffic accidents has resulted in an increase in open fractures and their complications [4]. These factors have meant that the prevalence of chronic osteomyelitis remains high; thus, posing a major orthopaedic challenge not only because of the high prevalence but also due to the difficulty in achieving a definitive cure and preventing serious complications.The aim of this study was to illustrate some of the challenges in the diagnosis and management of chronic osteomyelitis, particularly for the timing of surgery and possible options following bone loss due to destruction. Patients and methodsNine patients with chronic osteomyelitis are presented. Three of the patients had diagnostic problems; three with treatment dilemmas and three with complications. Diagnostic challengesThree young patients presented to us with a history of swelling of an extremity. There was no histo...

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Salmonella osteomyelitis in childhood. A report of 63 cases seen in Nigerian children of whom 57 had sickle cell anaemia.

Cited by 129 publications

References 21 publications

Trauma Associated Acute Navicular Salmonella Osteomyelitis

Trauma Associated Acute Navicular Salmonella Osteomyelitis

Salmonella as a Causative Organism of Various Infections in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease

Chronic osteomyelitis: a continuing orthopaedic challenge in developing countries

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