Salmonid fish and warming of shallow Lake Elliðavatn in Southwest Iceland

Malmquist, Hilmar J.; Antonsson, Þ.; Ingvason, Haraldur R.; Ingimarsson, Finnur; Árnason, F.

doi:10.1080/03680770.2009.11902317

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Unstratified lakes lack a hypolimnia and oxythermal habitat was more affected by surface warming and subsequent mixing of the entire water column. The direct effects of surface warming on coldwater habitat for salmonids in unstratified lakes were also ob- served by Lehtonen (1998) and Malmquist et al (2009). Also, the period of greatest oxythermal stress in stratified lakes was later than in unstratified lakes because hypolimnetic oxygen depletion continues even after epilimnetic cooling begins in late summer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Coldwater fish oxythermal habitat in Minnesota lakes: influence of total phosphorus, July air temperature, and relative depth

Jacobson

Stefan

Pereira

2010

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

112

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An empirical model was developed that describes the influence of lake productivity, climate, and morphometry on coldwater fish oxythermal habitat. An oxythermal habitat variable called temperature at 3 mgÁL -1 of dissolved oxygen (T DO3 ) was developed by interpolating the water temperature at a benchmark oxygen concentration (3 mgÁL -1 ) from a temperature-oxygen profile. Coldwater habitat was most available in the least productive lakes (total P < 25 mgÁL -1 ) with the greatest relative depths (geometry ratios < 2 m -0.5 ) and where mean July air temperatures were less than 17 8C. Species response curves were developed from values of TDO3 measured during the greatest period of oxythermal stress in late summer (maxTDO3). Lake trout was present in lakes with the lowest values of maxTDO3, while cisco was present in lakes with the highest and broadest range of maxTDO3. Projections for a scenario where climate warming (+4 8C in mean July air temperature) was accompanied by eutrophication (doubling of total P) indicated that coldwater fish oxythermal habitat would be devastated in a subset of lakes typical for Minnesota. Protecting deep, unproductive lakes from eutrophication will be a necessary management strategy to ensure that coldwater fish persist in at least some Minnesota lakes after climate warming.Résumé : Nous mettons au point un modèle empirique qui décrit l'effet de la productivité lacustre, du climat et de la morphométrie sur l'habitat oxythermique des poissons d'eau froide. En interpolant la température de l'eau à une concentration repère d'oxygène (3 mgÁL -1 ) dans un profil de température-oxygène, nous obtenons une variable de l'habitat oxythermique, soit la température à 3 mgÁL -1 d'oxygène dissous (TDO3). L'habitat d'eau froide se retrouve le plus couramment dans les lacs les moins productifs (P total < 25 mgÁL -1 ) avec les profondeurs relatives les plus grandes (rapports géométri-ques < 2 m -0,5 ) et une température moyenne de l'air en juillet de moins de 17 8C. Nous avons mis au point des courbes de réaction des espèces à partir des valeurs de TDO3 mesurées durant la période de stress thermique maximal en fin d'été (TDO3 maximum). Les touladis se retrouvent dans les lacs qui ont les valeurs les plus basses de TDO3 maximum, alors que les ciscos vivent dans les lacs avec les étendues des valeurs de TDO3 maximum les plus élevées et les plus larges. Des projections selon un scénario dans lequel le réchauffement du climat (+4 8C de température moyenne de l'air en juillet) est accompagné d'une eutrophisation (dédoublement du P total) indiquent que l'habitat oxythermique des poissons d'eau froide serait dévasté dans un sous-ensemble de lacs typiques du Minnesota. Il sera nécessaire d'adopter une stratégie de gestion pour protéger les lacs profonds et peu productifs de l'eutrophisation afin d'assurer que les poissons d'eau froide survivent au moins dans certains lacs du Minnesota après le réchauffement climatique.[Traduit par la Rédaction]

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Coldwater fish oxythermal habitat in Minnesota lakes: influence of total phosphorus, July air temperature, and relative depth

Jacobson

Stefan

Pereira

2010

Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

112

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“…1). The decline in charr, observed both in catch per unit effort of adult fish and densities of juveniles, has been attributed to increasing water temperatures, with 18-21°C for several days and an increase in monthly mean temperatures of 0.8-2.7°C over February-September during 1988(Malmquist et al, 2009. The thermal problems facing charr may be linked not only directly to reproduction, metabolism and growth related energetics, but also to susceptibility to thermally linked diseases, such as proliferative kidney disease (PKD) (Sterud et al, 2007), which has recently been confirmed for the first time in Iceland in charr from Lake Elliðavatn (Kristmundsson et al, 2010).…”

Section: Expected Changes In Fish Communities With Climate Warming Wmentioning

confidence: 97%

Impacts of climate warming on lake fish community structure and potential effects on ecosystem function

et al. 2010

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Fish play a key role in the trophic dynamics of lakes, not least in shallow systems. With climate warming, complex changes in fish community structure may be expected owing to the direct and indirect effects of temperature, and indirect effects of eutrophication, water-level changes and salinisation on fish metabolism, biotic interactions and geographical distribution. We review published and new data supporting the hypotheses that, with a warming climate, there will be changes in: fish community structure (e.g. higher or lower richness depending on local conditions); life history traits (e.g. smaller body size, shorter life span, earlier and less synchronised reproduction); feeding mode (i.e. increased omnivory and herbivory); behaviour (i.e. stronger association with littoral areas and a greater proportion of benthivores); and winter survival. All these changes imply higher predation on zooplankton and macroinvertebrates with increasing temperatures, suggesting that the changes in the fish communities partly resemble, and may intensify, the effects triggered by eutrophication. Modulating factors identified in cold and temperate systems, such as the presence of submerged plants and winter ice cover, seem to be weaker or non-existent in warm(ing) lakes. Consequently, in the future lower nutrient thresholds may be needed to obtain clear-water conditions and good ecological status in the future in currently cold or temperate lakes. Although examples are still scarce and more research is needed, we foresee biomanipulation to be a less successful restoration tool in warm(ing) lakes without a strong reduction of the nutrient load.

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“…This rise in temperature over this period is considerable, for example being 2.3 °C for March as well as August and 2.7 °C for April (Malmquist et al . ). These extensive changes in water temperature have apparently created favourable conditions for proliferative kidney disease (PKD) in both Arctic charr and brown trout which was diagnosed for the first time in Iceland in the autumn of 2008 (Kristmundsson, Antonsson & Árnason ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Levels of Renibacterium salmoninarum antigens in resident and anadromous salmonids in the River Ellidaár system in Iceland

Kristmundsson

Árnason

Guðmundsdóttir

et al. 2015

Journal of Fish Diseases

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In relation to stock enhancement programmes, wild salmon broodfish have been routinely screened for the presence of Renibacterium salmoninarum antigens (Rs-Ag) for decades. A sudden increase in the prevalence of Rs-Ag experienced caused extensive problems to this industry as eggs from positive fish are discarded. The prevalence and level of Rs-Ag were examined in resident and anadromous salmonids in the River Ellidaár system and the progress of Rs-Ag in a cohort of salmon followed. Both prevalence and Rs-Ag levels were high in resident salmonids and emigrating salmon smolts in the river system. When the smolts re-entered their home river as adults the following summer, they were almost free of Rs-Ag, but the longer they stayed in the river, the more Rs-Ag they acquired; the majority being positive at spawning. This study demonstrates a high level of Rs-Ag in salmonids in the River Ellidaár system which significantly reduces in the salmon during its seawater phase. Accordingly, it seems ideal to sample salmon broodfish as soon as possible after ascending the river and subsequently transfer to Rs-free environment for storage until stripping, which could result in lower Rs-prevalence and minimize the problems that stock enhancement programmes have faced due to Rs-positive wild broodfish.

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Salmonid fish and warming of shallow Lake Elliðavatn in Southwest Iceland

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Coldwater fish oxythermal habitat in Minnesota lakes: influence of total phosphorus, July air temperature, and relative depth

Coldwater fish oxythermal habitat in Minnesota lakes: influence of total phosphorus, July air temperature, and relative depth

Impacts of climate warming on lake fish community structure and potential effects on ecosystem function

Levels of Renibacterium salmoninarum antigens in resident and anadromous salmonids in the River Ellidaár system in Iceland

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