Herein,
we propose a label-free chemiresistive sensor for the highly
sensitive and selective detection of microcystin (MC)-LR in water
samples. The sensor uses a layer-by-layer (LBL) assembled conductive
film consisting of Ti3C2T
x
nanosheets as the sensing channel. It is further modified
by using an aptamer for the specific recognition of MC-LR. The response
signal is based on the change in resistance of the conductive channel
upon binding of MC-LR with the aptamer. Our novel strategy is the
first concept proposed for immobilizing the aptamer containing –SH
on the channel surface through a Ti–S bond under weakly alkaline
condition. The resulting sensor is highly sensitive and stable for
the detection of MC-LR, with a detection limit of 0.18 ng L–1 and a wide linear range from 1 to 104 ng L–1. We used the sensor to continuously monitor MC-LR released by cultivated Microcystis aeruginosa, showing a strong relationship
between MC-LR and cell density. Furthermore, the sensor was successfully
used to measure MC-LR in freshwater lakes with moderate algal blooms,
and the results agreed well with those obtained by liquid chromatography-tandem
mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The present study provides
a reliable method for highly sensitive and selective detection of
MC-LR in environmental waters.