Salt‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for enhancing the concentration of matrine alkaloids in traditional Chinese medicine and its preparations

Abstract

A fast, simple, and efficient salt-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was developed and introduced for the simultaneous enrichment, extraction, and determination of the trace levels of matrine alkaloids (sophoridine, matrine, and sophocarpine) in Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and Composite Kushen injection. Compared with conventional dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, the proposed method, with added salt but without dispersant and centrifuging, makes the operation simpler, greener, and leads to a higher enrichment factor. The crucial parameters affecting the enrichment factors of target analytes, such as type and volume of extraction solvent, pH of sample phase, salt concentration, volume of sample phase, and extraction time, were investigated and optimized, meanwhile, the extraction mechanism of the method was analyzed and described. Under the optimized conditions, the enrichment factors of the three matrine alkaloids were 150, 178, and 227, respectively. Good linearities (r ≥ 0.9992) for all analytes, low limits of detection (less than 0.08 ng/mL), satisfactory precisions (2.1-12.3%), and accuracies (recoveries, 99.3-103.9%) were achieved. The experimental results showed that the approach is a simple, fast, green, eco-friendly, and sensitive method and can be used for the preconcentration and determination of matrine alkaloids in traditional Chinese medicines and their preparations.

Effect of Sophocarpine on the Pharmacokinetics of Umbralisib in Rat Plasma Using a Novel UPLC-MS/MS Method

“…In addition, Compound kushen injection is commonly used for reliefing cancer pain according to its package insert. A biologically active chemical alkaloid, sophocarpine, is separated from Compound kushen injection ( Zhang et al, 2018 ) . As reported before, sophocarpine might be a potential broad-spectrum anticancer agent ( Zhang et al, 2016 ; Huang et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2019 ; Yang et al, 2021 ).…”

Self‐assembled supramolecular dispersive liquid‐phase microextraction for concentration and determination of anthraquinone compounds in Rhubarb

“…Zhang et al. [9] performed DLPME coupled with HPLC for the concentration and determination of the contents of matrine alkaloids in Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and composite Kushen injection using chloroform as extraction solvent. Wang et al.…”

Rapid and sensitive analytical procedure for biomonitoring of organophosphate pesticide metabolites in human urine samples using a vortex‐assisted salt‐induced liquid–liquid microextraction technique coupled with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

“…This, therefore, creates a need for the development of a facile, rapid, efficient, and eco‐friendly sample preparation method for the determination of the metabolites of OPPs in biological samples. In recent times, significant progress has been made in utilizing various modes of the LLME technique for the extraction and pre‐concentration of several types of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and toxic compounds in biological samples …”

“…In recent times, significant progress has been made in utilizing various modes of the LLME technique for the extraction and preconcentration of several types of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and toxic compounds in biological samples. [26][27][28][29][30] In this work, we demonstrate a facile vortex-assisted salt-induced liquid-liquid microextraction (VA-SI-LLME) technique for the one-step extraction and pre-concentration of the metabolites of OPPs from human urine samples. For the first time, we report a rapid and sensitive analytical procedure for the biomonitoring of these metabolites in human urine samples using VA-SI-LLME coupled with ultrahighperformance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS).…”