Salt Crystallization during Evaporation: Impact of Interfacial Properties

Shahidzadeh-Bonn, Noushine; Rafaı̈, Salima; Bonn, Daniel; Wegdam, G.H.

doi:10.1021/la8005629

Cited by 219 publications

(225 citation statements)

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“…In parallel, the precipitation process of several microcrystallites also induces a roughness of the surface that leads by capillary suction to an enhanced spreading of the fluid. 20,39 This leads to a creeping motion of the salt. 20,40,41 At lower relative humidity (RH 20%), the drying behavior of the sample consists of three regimes: first, a CRP with a faster evaporation rate compared to RH 50%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20,39 This leads to a creeping motion of the salt. 20,40,41 At lower relative humidity (RH 20%), the drying behavior of the sample consists of three regimes: first, a CRP with a faster evaporation rate compared to RH 50%. The CRP regime is again independent of the sample size and continuous until the residual saturation is roughly half of the initial saturation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[11][12][13][14][15][16] These studies have revealed the impact of the pore size 17,18 and the relative humidity 19 on the type of crystallization. Mainly efflorescence has been observed in different types: crusty or patchy 17,18 (also referred to as "cauliflowers" 20 ), and although it has been observed that the crystallization affects the drying rate, there are still many aspects that need to be clarified in order to understand the interplay between salt crystallization and evaporation. One important aspect that has not been taken into account so far is the dynamics of the crystallization and recrystallization processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drying of salt contaminated porous media: Effect of primary and secondary nucleation

Désarnaud

Derluyn

Molari

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Physics

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Drying of salt contaminated porous media: Effect of primary and secondary nucleationDesarnaud, J.E.; Derluyn, H.; Molari, L.; de Miranda, S.; Cnudde, V.; Shahidzadeh, N.F. Published in:Journal of Applied Physics DOI:10.1063/1.4930292 Link to publication Citation for published version (APA):Desarnaud, J., Derluyn, H., Molari, L., de Miranda, S., Cnudde, V., & Shahidzadeh, N. (2015). Drying of salt contaminated porous media: Effect of primary and secondary nucleation. Journal of Applied Physics, 118(11), [114901]. DOI: 10.1063/1.4930292 General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. The drying of porous media is of major importance for civil engineering, geophysics, petrophysics, and the conservation of stone artworks and buildings. More often than not, stones contain salts that can be mobilized by water (e.g., rain) and crystallize during drying. The drying speed is strongly influenced by the crystallization of the salts, but its dynamics remains incompletely understood. Here, we report that the mechanisms of salt precipitation, specifically the primary or secondary nucleation, and the crystal growth are the key factors that determine the drying behaviour of salt contaminated porous materials and the physical weathering generated by salt crystallization. When the same amount of water is used to dissolve the salt present in a stone, depending on whether this is done by a rapid saturation with liquid water or by a slow saturation using water vapor, different evaporation kinetics and salt weathering due to different crystallization pathways are observed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drying of salt contaminated porous media: Effect of primary and secondary nucleation

Désarnaud

Derluyn

Molari

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…within load-bearing grain contacts [10,103]. Well-known examples of such reactions include salt damage [24,106], where supersaturation is achieved via evaporation and surface curvature effects [108,110,111], and a wide range of mineral reactions where the solid products comprise a larger volume than the solid reactants. Frost heave [24,49,115], where crystallisation is driven by a temperature-related phase change (cf.…”

Section: Force Of Crystallisation: Examples and Previous Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction-driven casing expansion: potential for wellbore leakage mitigation

2017

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It is generally challenging to predict the postabandonment behaviour and integrity of wellbores. Leakage is, moreover, difficult to mitigate, particularly between the steel casing and outer cement sheath. Radially expanding the casing with some form of internal plug, thereby closing annular voids and fractures around it, offers a possible solution to both issues. However, such expansion requires development of substantial internal stresses. Chemical reactions that involve a solid volume increase and produce a force of crystallisation (FoC), such as CaO hydration, offer obvious potential. However, while thermodynamically capable of producing stresses in the GPa range, the maximum stress obtainable by CaO hydration has not been validated or determined experimentally. Here, we report uniaxial compaction/expansion experiments performed in an oedometer-type apparatus on precompacted CaO powder, at 65°C and at atmospheric pore fluid pressure. Using this set-up, the FoC generated during CaO hydration could be measured directly. Our results show FoC-induced stresses reaching up to 153 MPa, with reaction stopping or slowing down before completion. Failure to achieve the GPa stresses predicted by theory is attributed to competition between FoC development and its inhibiting effect on reaction progress. Microstructural observations indicate that reaction-induced stresses shut down pathways for water into the sample, hampering ongoing reaction and limiting the magnitude of stress build-up to the values observed. The results nonetheless point the way to understanding the behaviour of such systems and to finding engineering solutions that may allow large controlled stresses and strains to be achieved in wellbore sealing operations in future.

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“…Evaporation appeared to have occurred through cracks on the surface and capillary pathways through the nodules in the large drops, and likely did the same in the case of the small drops. A number of other inorganic and organic aqueous salt droplets ranging in diameter from 0.1μm to 2 mm, both deposited on substrates and suspended in air, have been reported to form shell structures during evaporation [11,51,[67][68][69]. The formation of these structures has been attributed to the preferential nucleation of the solid at the substrateair-liquid interface [11] or the liquid-air interface in the case of suspended aerosols without solid contaminants [51,69].…”

Section: 45·10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Understanding Surface Wetness and Corrosion Response of Mild Steel in Marine Atmospheres

Schindelholz¹

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Salt Crystallization during Evaporation: Impact of Interfacial Properties

Cited by 219 publications

References 26 publications

Drying of salt contaminated porous media: Effect of primary and secondary nucleation

Drying of salt contaminated porous media: Effect of primary and secondary nucleation

Reaction-driven casing expansion: potential for wellbore leakage mitigation

Towards Understanding Surface Wetness and Corrosion Response of Mild Steel in Marine Atmospheres

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