The
block copolymer poly(2-((2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)dimethylammonio)acetate)-b-poly(3-(N-(2-metharyloylethyl)-N,N-dimethylammonio)propanesulfonate) (PGLBT-b-PSPE) was synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation
chain transfer (RAFT) technique under precise control. The PGLBT-b-PSPE block copolymers showed upper critical solution temperature
(UCST) behavior originating from PSPE moieties. Unlike PSPE homopolymers,
the transmittance change with temperature was gradual, and unexpected
retardation or slight changes in a reverse direction were found at
the intermediate stage. Light scattering and 1H NMR studies
proved that the block copolymers formed spherical micelles that were
composed of a PSPE core and PGLBT shell around room temperature and
lower temperatures, and slowly disassociated with temperature increase.
During the transition, fast (small particle) and slow (large particle)
diffusive modes were detected by dynamic light scattering (DLS), which
implied that the unimers were escaping from the self-assembled structure
and swollen micelles, respectively. At sufficiently high temperatures
where the solutions became almost transparent, the slow mode eventually
disappeared, and only the fast mode remained. In addition, once the
polymeric particles are formed, the size did not vary much with additional
cooling. The transition point and the pattern of transmittance alteration
were dependent on the degree of polymerization and the [PGLBT]:[PSPE]
ratios; more PGLBT made the block copolymer less responsive to temperature
and led the cloud point to lower degrees. However, random copolymers
PGLBT-r-PSPE did not show any temperature-responsivity,
and even small amount of GLBTs (10%) distributed in a PSPE chain significantly
suppressed the transition.