Salt intake in first degree relations of hypertensive and normotensive Nigerians

Ukoh, V A; Ukoh, G. C.; Okosun, RE; Azubike, Elizabeth

doi:10.4314/eamj.v81i10.9235

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…So the intake of table salt is very high. Long-term more sodium intake is an important risk factor of hypertension [10,11,37] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This represents the continuance of a trend in which the prevalence and absolute number of persons with hypertension has increased at a steep rate [6,7] . Although the exact causes and mechanisms of hypertension are not well known, it is generally believed that genetic factors [8,9] as well as environmental factors, such as a higher sodium intake [10,11] , cigarette smoking [12,13] , and mental work [14,15] are involved in determining the prevalence of hypertension. In addition, differences in the prevalence of hypertension in various races may also exist [16][17][18] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Demographic Characteristics, Health-Related Behaviors and Lifestyle Factors on the Prevalence of Hypertension for the Middle-Aged and Elderly in the Guangxi Hei Yi Zhuang and Han Populations

Yin¹,

Deng²,

Dezhai³

et al. 2006

Kidney Blood Press Res

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Background/Aims: Hei Yi (meaning black worship and black dress) Zhuang is the most conservative group among the 43 ethnic subgroups of Zhuang in China due to its unique culture and customs. The prevalence of hypertension in this population has not been well defined. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to compare the effects of the demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors and lifestyle factors on the prevalence of hypertension in the middle-aged and elderly of the Guangxi Hei Yi Zhuang and Han populations. Methods:A total of 657 people of Hei Yi Zhuang aged 40 and over were randomly selected from 7 villages in Napo County of China. Information on the demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors and lifestyle factors was collected by questionnaire. Blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels were measured, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated as a measure of weight relative to height. The results were compared with those of 520 Han who live in the same district. Results: The prevalence of hypertension and isolated systolic hypertension in Hei Yi Zhuang was significantly higher than in Han (32.9 vs. 24.6%, p < 0.01, and 16.7 vs. 5.2%, p < 0.001, respectively). The systolic blood pressure levels and pulse pressure in Hei Yi Zhuang were also significantly higher than in Han (129 ± 20.1 vs. 125.8 ± 17.4 mm Hg, p < 0.01, and 51.5 ± 16.1 vs. 47.1 ± 12.0 mm Hg, p < 0.01, respectively). The prevalence of hypertension was positively correlated with triglycerides, male, age, and alcohol consumption in Hei Yi Zhuang, whereas it was positively correlated with total cholesterol, male, age, alcohol consumption and BMI in Han. The rates of awareness, treatment and control in Hei Yi Zhuang and Han are 7.9 vs. 19.5%, 4.2 vs. 13.3% and 1.4 vs. 9.4% (p < 0.01 for all), respectively. Conclusion: The current study reveals a significant difference in the prevalence of hypertension, blood pressure levels, and the relative factors between the Hei Yi Zhuang and Han ethnic groups, which may have been due to differences in geographical characteristics, lifestyle, sodium intake, education levels, and even genetic factors.

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“…So the intake of table salt is very high. Long-term more sodium intake is an important risk factor of hypertension [10,11,37] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Demographic Characteristics, Health-Related Behaviors and Lifestyle Factors on the Prevalence of Hypertension for the Middle-Aged and Elderly in the Guangxi Hei Yi Zhuang and Han Populations

Yin¹,

Deng²,

Dezhai³

et al. 2006

Kidney Blood Press Res

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“…Several workers have also demonstrated higher salt taste and salt taste threshold in hypertensive individuals as well as their offspring compared to their normotensive counterparts [106][107][108] . However such a relationship was not demonstrated in adolescent school children [109] .…”

Section: Studies On Pathophysiology Of Hypertension In Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood pressure, prevalence of hypertension and hypertension related complications in Nigerian Africans: A review

Ogah¹,

Okpechi²,

Chukwuonye³

et al. 2012

WJC

219

232

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To review studies on hypertension in Nigeria over the past five decades in terms of prevalence, awareness and treatment and complications. Following our search on Pubmed, African Journals Online and the World Health Organization Global cardiovascular infobase, 1060 related references were identified out of which 43 were found to be relevant for this review. The overall prevalence of hypertension in Nigeria ranges from 8%-46.4% depending on the study target population, type of measurement and cut-off value used for defining hypertension. The prevalence is similar in men and women (7.9%-50.2% vs 3.5%-68.8%, respectively) and in the urban (8.1%-42.0%) and rural setting (13.5%-46.4%). The pooled prevalence increased from 8.6% from the only study during the period from 1970-1979 to 22.5% (2000-2011). Awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were generally low with attendant high burden of hypertension related complications. In order to improve outcomes of cardiovascular disease in Africans, public health education to improve awareness of hypertension is required. Further epidemiological studies on hypertension are required to adequately understand and characterize the impact of hypertension in society.

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“…A lavagem da boca com água entre as soluções com diferentes concentrações de NaCl foi realizada em 77,3% (n = 17) dos artigos e, em cinco, não consta a informação (ELLEGARD et al, 2007a;SIENKIEWICZ-JAROSZ et al, 2005;MALAGA et al, 2003MALAGA et al, , 2005UKOH et al, 2004). Pode haver a diluição do NaCl na saliva após degustação do estímulo, com comprometimento da próxima avaliação, e lavar a boca com água minimizaria esse efeito (STONE;SIDEL, 2004;MEILGAARD et al, 1999).…”

Section: Aspectos Gerais Dos Artigos Para Avaliação Sensorialunclassified

“…No entanto, apenas 13 (48,1%) dos 27 artigos fizeram recomendações para abstenções (STEWART-KNOX et al 2008;GUDZIOL;HUMMEL, 2007;McDAID et al, 2007;HEATH et al, 2006;HONG et al, 2005;SIENKIEWICZ-JAROSZ et al, 2005;UKOH et al, 2004;TUNSURIYAWONG et al, 2000;MIDDLETON;ALLMAN-FARINELLI, 1999;HORIO;KAWAMURA, 1998;OKORO et al, 2002;ANTONELLO et al, 2007;SPRITZER, 1985). As orientações feitas com maior frequência foram: evitar a ingestão de alimentos (48,1%) e não fumar (37%).…”

Section: Estímulo Localizadounclassified

Revisão: metodologias para análise da sensibilidade gustativa ao sal

Piovesana

Gallani

Sampaio

2012

Braz. J. Food Technol.

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A avaliação da sensibilidade gustativa ao sal é utilizada na área da saúde, bem como em análise sensorial aplicada à Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, para avaliar o paladar e identificar ageusia e hipoageusia de diversas origens; notavelmente, identifica os indivíduos que apresentam risco ou consumo excessivo de sal. A adoção de um método acurado e reprodutível para avaliação do limiar gustativo ao sal permite seu uso de forma ampliada. Esta revisão integrativa tem como objetivo descrever as metodologias empregadas para avaliar o limiar de detecção e reconhecimento do cloreto de sódio. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados CINAHAL, LILACS e MEDLINE, e as palavras-chave taste threshold, sodium chloride e salt. Foram localizados 27 artigos de 1985 a 2009 e, nestes, empregados 29 testes de análise do limiar. A maioria dos artigos utilizou o estímulo da boca toda (75,9%), seguida da aplicação tópica na língua (24,1%), aplicação da solução em partes da língua (10,3%), eletrogustometria (6,4%), disco impregnado (3,4%) e aplicação de vácuo (3,4%). Houve grande variação nos procedimentos metodológicos e, em alguns, ausência de informações importantes. Os artigos não apresentam cálculo do tamanho amostral e os critérios de seleção dos julgadores foram também variados. Assim, existe uma dificuldade para a reprodutibilidade e as comparações dos artigos. Avaliações comparativas entre os diferentes métodos de avaliação do limiar gustativo ao cloreto de sódio quanto à sua reprodutibilidade podem trazer subsídios importantes para a escolha do método mais adequado a ser empregado em pesquisa e na prática clínica.

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Salt intake in first degree relations of hypertensive and normotensive Nigerians

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of Demographic Characteristics, Health-Related Behaviors and Lifestyle Factors on the Prevalence of Hypertension for the Middle-Aged and Elderly in the Guangxi Hei Yi Zhuang and Han Populations

Effects of Demographic Characteristics, Health-Related Behaviors and Lifestyle Factors on the Prevalence of Hypertension for the Middle-Aged and Elderly in the Guangxi Hei Yi Zhuang and Han Populations

Blood pressure, prevalence of hypertension and hypertension related complications in Nigerian Africans: A review

Revisão: metodologias para análise da sensibilidade gustativa ao sal

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