Salt-Rejecting Solar Interfacial Evaporation

Water‐Light Induced Self‐Blacking System Constituted by Quinoa Cellulose and Graphene Oxide for High Performance of Salt‐Rejecting Solar Desalination

“…The problem of salt fouling has become an urgent issue needed to be solved for better application in seawater desalination field, which would diminish water evaporation performance and shorten the lifespan of the evaporator. [20] Interestingly, SBA 10 exhibits a good self-salt-cleaning performance in both outdoors and in the laboratory. As shown in Figure 7a, after ten hours of work, the evaporator surface accumulated large amounts of crystalline salt under a simulate the solar irradiance (1000 W m −2 ) and small amount of crystalline salt under nature sunlight (average intensity: 450 W m −2 ), and after a period of rest for 36 and 12 h respectively, the crystalline salt on the surfaces of evaporator are automatically self-cleaned.…”

“…[19,20] Normally, after a certain period of evaporation with seawater, the surface of the evaporator would be suffered from salt scaling pollution, which will deteriorate the evaporation efficiency and system functions. In order to address the salt scaling problems, few types of technologies have been proposed, including: [20] 1) using the manual and mechanical methods to remove the surface deposited salts, [21,22] 2) unique structure that only selective water can be transported, [23,24] 3) Janus membranes which upper layer keeps the salt from reaching surface and dissolve the deposited salt back to bulk water through the underneath layer, [25][26][27] 4) hydrophobized surfaces by some polymers to prevent salt clogging, [6] 5) local crystallization by unique geometry designed, [3,28,29] 6) provides a salt return channel by unique structure designed, [30,31] and 7) auto-cleaning or selfcleaning technologies driven by chemical potential. [32] Among them, auto-cleaning strategy is an attractive technology for Salt deposits are a key challenge of solar driven desalination technology due to the fact that the evaporation rate of the system sharply deteriorates when salt accumulates.…”

3D Photothermal Cryogels for Solar-Driven Desalination

“… 7 , 8 Compared to other mainstream desalination technologies (e.g., reverse osmosis and multistage flash) 9 − 12 that require high-energy inputs, sophisticated operational controls as well as large-footprint investments, interfacial solar-driven evaporation is an infrastructure-independent technique that can be operated remotely without additional power supply. 13 , 14 Furthermore, it can be used to desalinate hypersaline waters (up to 100 g of dissolved salt per kg of seawater, i.e., equivalent to the water of the Dead Sea) and produce a distillate of superior quality. 15 , 16 Besides seawater desalination, solar-driven evaporation has been also shown capable of purifying industrial wastewaters contaminated by strong acids and bases, heavy metals, nonvolatile organics (dyes and detergents), and even radioactive wastes.…”

Highly efficient and salt rejecting solar evaporation via a wick-free confined water layer

“…However, due to the ultralow diffusivity of salt in water (~10 −9 m 2 s −1 , as a reference in comparison to the diffusivity of vapor in air is ~10 −5 m 2 s −1 ), there is significant salt accumulation, which induces undesirable fouling, reduces evaporation rate, and degrades device reliability. This effect has become one of the key practical challenges for a range of applications 8,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26] .…”