Salt Resistance of Protoplasm as a Test for the Salt Tolerance of Agricultural Plants<sup>1</sup>

Repp, Gertraud I.; McAllister, D. R.; Wiebe, Herman H.

doi:10.2134/agronj1959.00021962005100060001x

Cited by 25 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Our results suggest that barley is the most tolerant to salinity at the seedling and young plant stages and that wheat, gram and mustard are moderately tolerant. In general, salt tolerance seems to depend on how high a salt concentration can be tolerated by the protoplasm without injury (Repp et al 1959), and plants with low tolerance suffer in saline soil because of injury to the protoplasm from salt accumulation, rather than from desiccation (Kramer 1983). Under saline conditions, the effects of ions on the absorption of other ions are also of particular interest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Salts on Germination of Seeds and Growth of Young Plants of Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum, Cicer arietinum and Brassica juncea

Mer

Prajith

Pandya

et al. 2000

J Agronomy Crop Science

102

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A greenhouse experiment was conducted on four crop plants in the western region of Gujarat State, India to assess their responses to increasing levels of soil salinity. Of the four crop plants tested (Hordeum vulgare, barley; Triticum aestivum, wheat; Cicer arietinum, gram and Brassica juncea, mustard), barley appeared to be the most tolerant to salinity with regard to seed germination and early growth of the plants. Wheat, gram and mustard were tolerant only to low soil salinity. However, high salt concentrations in the soil reduced the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by the young plants. The imbalance of mineral nutrients resulted in a reduction or an inhibition of plant growth. High salinity also caused burning symptoms on the leaves and shoot apices of barley.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Salts on Germination of Seeds and Growth of Young Plants of Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum, Cicer arietinum and Brassica juncea

Mer

Prajith

Pandya

et al. 2000

J Agronomy Crop Science

102

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“…We agree that Ca is essential in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of membranes, but the effects observed with barley roots seem to be primarily osmotic. Shapovalov (19) (17) found that osmotic potentials between -14 and -18 bars (0.3 and 0.4 molal NaCl) killed 50%o of the cells of many cultivated plants. On the other hand, the lower internal OP and greater resistance of nonvacuolated tissues to osmotic shock have been documented before.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt-induced Inhibition of Phosphate Transport and Release of Membrane Proteins from Barley Roots

Maas¹,

Ogata²,

Finkel³

1979

Plant Physiol.

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Osmotic shock with sequential 30-minute treatments in ice-cold saline solutions and H20 released proteins from excised barley roots and inhibited the subsequent uptake of orthophosphate (Pi). The amount of protein released increased sharply at NaCI concentrations above 0.05 molar, approxinately the threshold concentration above which Pi uptake was increasingly suppressed. About 60% of the nearly 100 (13) found that treating carrot discs in cold NaCl solutions released protein and suppressed the subsequent active uptake ofglucose and Pi. Although the proteins were not identified as components of the transport mechanism, the close correlation between the amount of protein released and the degree of uptake suppression, and the inhibition by puromycin of the recovery of uptake activity strongly suggested that proteins were involved. Amar and Reinhold (1) described a similar study in which osmotic shock caused the loss of protein from bean leaf strips and at the same time sharply reduced the cells' ability to absorb a-aminoisobutyric acid, an amino acid analog. The leaf tissue also recovered partial uptake activity but not in the presence of cycloheximide or actinomycin D. Recently, Rubinstein et al. (18) found that osmotic shock reduced the uptake of a-aminoisobutyric acid, 3-0-methyl glucose, leucine, and Cl in oat coleoptiles. Chloride uptake was inhibited least but, as with the organic solutes, uptake activity partially recovered after 1 to 3 h.The objective of this study was to determine if proteins released from barley roots by osmotic shock are essential components of ion transport mechanisms. In this paper, we report the effects of salt shock treatments on the reversible inhibition of Pi uptake and the related loss and synthesis of proteins.MATERIALS AND METHODS Barley roots (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. CM 67) were excised from 5-day-old seedlings grown in aerated 0.2 mm CaSO4 solutions in the dark at 25 C. The roots were cut into approximately 1-cm lengths, rinsed, mixed thoroughly in fresh 0.2 mm CaSO4, and centrifuged 5 mnin in wire mesh baskets at 65g to obtain a uniform moisture content. Ten-g root samples were pretreated for 30 min at 2 C in 200 ml of deionized water (controls) or salt solutions, washed 30 min in deionized water at 2 C, and then rinsed briefly at room temperature. The roots were transferred to absorption solutions containing 0.5 mm CaSO4 and 1 mm KH2PO4 at pH 5 and 25 C. The solutions were continuously shaken and aerated and pH was maintained between 4 and 5. Ion uptake or loss was measured by analyzing 1-ml aliquots of the absorption solution.At the end of the absorption period, the roots were removed, rinsed twice in deionized water, oven-dried at 65 C, and analyzed. Phosphate was determined by the phosphomolybdate method of Taussky and Shorr (22) and cations by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.Protein eluted in the pretreatment and wash solutions was dialyzed against cold deionized H20 for 2 days and then precipitated in cold 0.4 M HC104. The

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“…Nevertheless, several techniques have been proposed. Resistance to osmotic shock (46), reaction to dye reduc tion techniques (52), cyclosis and plasmolysis (43), respiration rate, solute uptake (41), rooting, and survival have all been proposed as possible criteria for selecting salt tolerant lines. As yet, none of these methods has proven wholly reliable or been widely accepted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Quest of Rapid Screening Techniques for Plant Salt Tolerance1

Shannon

1979

horts

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Rapid screening techniques for selecting salt-tolerant plants are heretofore untried, untested, or unproven. Theoretically, we know it is possible to screen plants for this trait. Halophytes and salt-tolerant ecotypes exist in nature and variability in tolerance has been demonstrated in a number of agronomic species (48). However, the complexities of salt tolerance and the multitude of ways in which plants adjust and adapt to it have caused much confusion. The effect of salinity on a plant may depend on ontogeny (3, 11), humidity (21, 22, 34), temperature (21, 35), light (14, 35), irrigation management (8, 9), cultural practices (6, 11), soil fertility (10, 32), air pollution (20, 26), and the particular growth or yield parameter measured (3, 49). If all environmental conditions are optimal it is possible to grow some agricultural crops at seawater salinity concentrations. Barley, wheat, millet, and various other crops have been grown on sandy beach areas using seawater for irrigation (4, 5, 16, 24). The use of sand facilitates leaching and minimizes salinity accumulation. Additionally, coastal areas may be cool and humid, and, if fogs are common, have low light intensities. These factors create a favorable environment and decrease salinity damage. Recently, Epstein and colleagues used such an environment to screen a barley composite for salt tolerance (16). Several lines were selected which seemed to produce higher yields than the test cultivars. It is possible that such research will result in the selection of traits that will enhance salt tolerance in barley cultivars adapted to other environments.

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Salt Resistance of Protoplasm as a Test for the Salt Tolerance of Agricultural Plants¹

Abstract: Synopsis The protoplasmic salt resistance of plants as measured by the effect of NaCl upon the vacuole and cytoplasm was found to be in agreement with field results and leaf succulence determinations.

Cited by 25 publications

References 1 publication

Effect of Salts on Germination of Seeds and Growth of Young Plants of Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum, Cicer arietinum and Brassica juncea

Effect of Salts on Germination of Seeds and Growth of Young Plants of Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum, Cicer arietinum and Brassica juncea

Salt-induced Inhibition of Phosphate Transport and Release of Membrane Proteins from Barley Roots

In Quest of Rapid Screening Techniques for Plant Salt Tolerance1

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Salt Resistance of Protoplasm as a Test for the Salt Tolerance of Agricultural Plants1

Abstract: Synopsis The protoplasmic salt resistance of plants as measured by the effect of NaCl upon the vacuole and cytoplasm was found to be in agreement with field results and leaf succulence determinations.

Cited by 25 publications

References 1 publication

Effect of Salts on Germination of Seeds and Growth of Young Plants of Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum, Cicer arietinum and Brassica juncea

Effect of Salts on Germination of Seeds and Growth of Young Plants of Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum, Cicer arietinum and Brassica juncea

Salt-induced Inhibition of Phosphate Transport and Release of Membrane Proteins from Barley Roots

In Quest of Rapid Screening Techniques for Plant Salt Tolerance1

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Salt Resistance of Protoplasm as a Test for the Salt Tolerance of Agricultural Plants¹