Salt stress decreases seed yield and postpones growth process of canola (Brassica napus L.) by changing nitrogen and carbon characters

Wang, Long; Zuo, Qingsong; Zheng, Jingdong; You, Jingjing; Yang, Guang; Leng, Song

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-22815-8

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In addition, our study observed a decrease in the biomass of different organs at the seedling, flowering, and maturity stages when soil salinity increased. Our previous studies demonstrated that leaf photosynthesis at the seedling and flowering stage was inhibited under salt stress [ 29 , 30 ], leading to a reduction in biomass accumulation. Our findings differed from those of Bakirv et al, who reported that, compared to the non-NaCl condition, the treatment of 100 mM NaCl L −1 showed positive effects on the fresh weight and biomass production in some salt-tolerant varieties [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hurtado et al also reported that the treatment of 100 mM NaCl L −1 decreased C/N by 25% in sorghum plants and 17% in sunflower plants compared to the control [ 44 ]. Our previous field study also observed that C/N in the high-salt soil decreased compared to low-salt soil, indicating that salt stress disrupted the balance of C and N assimilation [ 30 ]. Generally speaking, the C and N assimilation was inhibited by salt stress, more so in C assimilation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenotype, Biomass, Carbon and Nitrogen Assimilation, and Antioxidant Response of Rapeseed under Salt Stress

Wang,

Lin,

et al. 2024

Plants

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Salt stress is one of the major adverse factors affecting plant growth and crop production. Rapeseed is an important oil crop, providing high-quality edible oil for human consumption. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of salt stress on the phenotypic traits and physiological processes of rapeseed. The soil salinity was manipulated by setting three different levels: 0 g NaCl kg−1 soil (referred to as S0), 1.5 g NaCl kg−1 soil (referred to as S1), and 3.0 g NaCl kg−1 soil (referred to as S2). In general, the results indicated that the plant height, leaf area, and root neck diameter decreased with an increase in soil salinity. In addition, the biomass of various organs at all growth stages decreased as soil salinity increased from S0 to S2. The increasing soil salinity improved the distribution of biomass in the root and leaf at the seedling and flowering stages, indicating that rapeseed plants subjected to salt stress during the vegetative stage are capable of adapting their growth pattern to sustain their capacity for nutrient and water uptake, as well as leaf photosynthesis. However, as the soil salinity increased, there was a decrease in the distribution of biomass in the pod and seed at the maturity stage, while an increase was observed in the root and stem, suggesting that salt stress inhibited carbohydrate transport into reproductive organs. Moreover, the C and N accumulation at the flowering and maturity stages exhibited a reduction in direct correlation with the increase in soil salinity. High soil salinity resulted in a reduction in the C/N, indicating that salt stress exerted a greater adverse effect on C assimilation compared to N assimilation, leading to an increase in seed protein content and a decrease in oil content. Furthermore, as soil salinity increased from S0 to S2, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the content of soluble protein and sugar increased by 58.39%, 33.38%, 15.57%, and 13.88% at the seedling stage, and 38.69%, 22.85%, 12.04%, and 8.26% at the flowering stage, respectively. In summary, this study revealed that salt stress inhibited C and N assimilation, leading to a suppressed phenotype and biomass accumulation. The imbalanced C and N assimilation under salt stress contributed to the alterations in the seed oil and protein content. Rapeseed had a certain degree of salt tolerance by improving antioxidants and osmolytes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotype, Biomass, Carbon and Nitrogen Assimilation, and Antioxidant Response of Rapeseed under Salt Stress

Wang,

Lin,

et al. 2024

Plants

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“…Current studies have found that salt stress affects plant uptake and assimilation of nitrogen by affecting nitrogen metabolism enzyme activities [ 12 , 13 ]. Carbon is also an important component of plant biomass [ 45 ], and SS mainly regulates starch synthesis as well as sucrose degradation processes, affecting the carbohydrate level of plants [ 46 ]. In this study, we found that the activities of NR, GS, and SS were significantly reduced in tobacco seedlings under salt stress, which also indicated that salt stress inhibited the activities of enzymes related to carbon and nitrogen processes, and reduced nitrogen uptake and utilization as well as carbohydrate synthesis in tobacco seedlings, which is in agreement with the results of previous studies [ 13 , 47 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exogenous Eugenol Alleviates Salt Stress in Tobacco Seedlings by Regulating the Antioxidant System and Hormone Signaling

Xu,

Wang,

Wang

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Salt stress seriously affects crop growth, leading to a decline in crop quality and yield. Application of exogenous substances to improve the salt tolerance of crops and promote their growth under salt stress has become a widespread and effective means. Eugenol is a small molecule of plant origin with medicinal properties such as antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant properties. In this study, tobacco seedlings were placed in Hoagland’s solution containing NaCl in the presence or absence of eugenol, and physiological indices related to stress tolerance were measured along with transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that eugenol improved the growth of tobacco seedlings under salt stress. It promoted carbon and nitrogen metabolism, increased the activities of nitrate reductase (NR), sucrose synthase (SS), and glutamine synthetase (GS) by 31.03, 5.80, and 51.06%. It also activated the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant systems, reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the tobacco seedlings, and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) by 24.38%, 18.22%, 21.60%, and 28.8%, respectively. The content of glutathione (GSH) was increased by 29.49%, and the content of superoxide anion (O2−) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were reduced by 29.83 and 33.86%, respectively. Promoted osmoregulation, the content of Na+ decreased by 34.34, K+ increased by 41.25%, and starch and soluble sugar increased by 7.72% and 25.42%, respectively. It coordinated hormone signaling in seedlings; the content of abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid 3 (GA3) increased by 51.93% and 266.28%, respectively. The transcriptome data indicated that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, the MAPK signaling pathway, and phytohormone signal transduction pathways. The results of this study revealed the novel role of eugenol in regulating plant resistance and provided a reference for the use of exogenous substances to alleviate salt stress.

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“…At present, salt stress frequently occurs around the world. Although rapeseed is considered a moderate salt-tolerant crop, its physiological and biochemical processes are disrupted under a heavy saline environment ( Wang et al., 2022 ). In this study, we found that salt stress inhibited rapeseed seedling growth and photosynthesis while increasing Na content, ROS accumulation, and product of cell membrane lipid peroxidation as well as improved the antioxidants and accumulation of osmotic substances.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moderate nitrogen application improved salt tolerance by enhancing photosynthesis, antioxidants, and osmotic adjustment in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Wang,

Zheng,

Zhou

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Salt stress is a major adverse environmental factor limiting plant growth. Nitrogen (N) application is an effective strategy to alleviate the negative effects of salt stress on plants. To improve the knowledge of the mechanism of N application on alleviating salt stress on rapeseed seedlings, a pot experiment was conducted with four N application treatments (0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 g N kg−1 soil, referred to as N0, N1, N2, and N3, respectively) and exposed to non-salt stress (0 g NaCl kg−1 soil, referred to as S0) and salt stress (3 g NaCl kg−1 soil, referred to as S1) conditions. The results indicated that in comparison with non-salt stress, salt stress increased the Na content (236.53%) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (30.26%), resulting in cell membrane lipid peroxidation characterized by an increased content of malondialdehyde (MDA) (122.32%) and suppressed photosynthetic rate (15.59%), finally leading to inhibited plant growth such as shorter plant height, thinner root neck, lower leaf area, and decreased dry weight. N application improved the plant growth, and the improvement by N application under salt stress was stronger than that under non-salt stress, suggesting that rapeseed seedlings exposed to salt stress are more sensitive to N application and require N to support their growth. Moreover, seedlings exposed to salt stress under N application showed lower ROS accumulation; increased photosynthesis; higher antioxidants such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), and ascorbic acid (AsA); and greater accumulation of osmotic substances including soluble protein, soluble sugar, and proline, as compared with seedlings without N application. In particular, the best improvement by N application under salt stress occurred at the N2 level, while too high N application could weaken the improvement due to inhibited N metabolism. In summary, this study suggests that moderate N application can improve photosynthesis, antioxidants, and osmoregulation to alleviate the adverse effects of salt stress in rapeseed seedlings.

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Salt stress decreases seed yield and postpones growth process of canola (Brassica napus L.) by changing nitrogen and carbon characters

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

Phenotype, Biomass, Carbon and Nitrogen Assimilation, and Antioxidant Response of Rapeseed under Salt Stress

Phenotype, Biomass, Carbon and Nitrogen Assimilation, and Antioxidant Response of Rapeseed under Salt Stress

Exogenous Eugenol Alleviates Salt Stress in Tobacco Seedlings by Regulating the Antioxidant System and Hormone Signaling

Moderate nitrogen application improved salt tolerance by enhancing photosynthesis, antioxidants, and osmotic adjustment in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

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