Salt stress-induced alterations in the root proteome of barley genotypes with contrasting response towards salinity

Abstract

In addition to drought and extreme temperatures, soil salinity represents a growing threat to crop productivity. Among the cereal crops, barley is considered as notably salt tolerant, and cultivars show considerable variation for tolerance towards salinity stress. In order to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying salt stress tolerance and to utilize the natural genetic variation of barley accessions, a series of hydroponics-based salinity stress experiments was conducted using two genetic mapping parents, cvs Steptoe and Morex, which display contrasting levels of salinity tolerance. The proteome of roots from both genotypes was investigated as displayed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and comparisons were made between plants grown under non-saline and saline conditions. Multivariate analysis of the resulting protein patterns revealed cultivar-specific and salt stress-responsive protein expression. Mass spectrometry-based identification was successful for 26 out of 39 selected protein spots. Hierarchical clustering was applied to detect similar protein expression patterns. Among those, two proteins involved in the glutathione-based detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were more abundant in the tolerant genotype, while proteins involved in iron uptake were expressed at a higher level in the sensitive one. This study emphasizes the role of proteins involved in ROS detoxification during salinity stress, and identified potential candidates for increasing salt tolerance in barley.

The proteome response of “Hordeum marinum” to long-term salinity stress

“…Sobhanian et al (2010) reported that FRK was down-regulated in the hypocotyls/root of soybean (salt-susceptible) under NaCl treatment. FRK was down-regulated in response to salt stress in barley cultivars (Witzel et al 2009) whereas upregulation of FRK was observed in our present study on H. marinum (as a salt-tolerant wild barley). Therefore, we can suggest that upregulation of fructokinase and cyMDH could elevate plant tolerance to abiotic stress by improving the energy metabolism pathways.…”

Up-regulation of antioxidant and glyoxalase systems by exogenous glycinebetaine and proline in mung bean confer tolerance to cadmium stress

“…Overexpression of Gly I and Gly II in transgenic plants inhibits an increase in MG level under Zn and salt stress condition and confers tolerance to heavy metal and high salt by increasing the GSH based detoxification system and decreasing lipid peroxidation (Veena et al 1999;Singla-Pareek et al 2003;Yadav et al 2005a, b). A proteomic study of salt-tolerant barley also showed higher Gly I protein expression under salinity stress conditions (Witzel et al 2009). In the present study, we observed a slight increase in Gly I activity while the Gly II activity decreased (Fig.…”

The Core of Chloroplast Nucleoids Contains Architectural SWIB Domain Proteins

“…Protein concentration was estimated with the Plus One 2D-Quant Kit (GE Healthcare). 2-DE and protein staining were performed according to Witzel et al (2009), with the following modifications: 50 µg of TAC proteins were loaded on immobilized pH gradient dry gel strips (7 cm, pH gradient 3 to 10; GE Healthcare). The second dimension was performed on 11.25% (w/v) polyacrylamide gels containing 0.1% (w/v) of SDS.…”

“…Separated proteins were stained with colloidal Coomassie Brilliant Blue (Gel Code Blue; Thermo Fisher Scientific). Protein spots were manually excised and trypsin digested (Porcine Sequencing Grade; Promega) as described (Witzel et al, 2009). Acquisition of peptide mass fingerprint data and corresponding LIFT spectra was performed using an ultrafleXtreme matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight device (Bruker Daltonics) equipped with a Smartbeam-II laser with a repetition rate of 1000 Hz.…”