Salt Tolerance of Alfalfa Varieties<sup>1</sup>

Brown, John W.; Hayward, H. E.

doi:10.2134/agronj1956.00021962004800010005x

Cited by 37 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Lucerne has also been examined using solution culture, but on a limited scale (Noble et al, 1984;Ashraf et al, 1987). The sample of 35 cultivars examined in this paper confirm the findings of Brown & Hayward (1956) that there is indeed considerable variability in response to salt, and hence in salt tolerance. Comparisons of the performance of contrasting salt tolerant and sensitive lines of maize (Ashraf & McNeilly, 1989), sorghum (Azhar & McNeilly, 1989), and lucerne (AlKhatib, 1991), assessed using the solution culture technique described here, and subsequently in salinised sand cultures, confirm the ability of the former technique to provide at least preliminary discrimination between tolerant and sensitive material.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Phenotypic variability in salt tolerance was reported in 6 varieties of lucerne by Brown & Hayward (1956), based upon performance under field conditions. Assessment of differences in salinity tolerance in large numbers of lines under field conditions is however difficult due to the large variation in salinity levels within a single field (Richards, 1983).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Between and within cultivar variability in salt tolerance in lucerne, (Medicago sativa L.)

Al-Khatib

McNeilly

Collins

1994

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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The response of two-week-old seedlings of 35 cultivars of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) to increasing NaCl concentrations was assessed in solution culture under growth room conditions. Shoot length, used as the criterion for assessing salt tolerance, was found to decrease significantly with increasing NaCl concentration for all cultivars, but there was considerable variation in response between, and within cultivars. It is concluded that selection between and within cultivars should lead to increased salt tolerance in this species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Between and within cultivar variability in salt tolerance in lucerne, (Medicago sativa L.)

Al-Khatib

McNeilly

Collins

1994

Genet Resour Crop Evol

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“…These low values confirm that white clover falls into the salt-sensitive category of agricultural plants as identified by Maas and Hoffman (1977), and consequently, is more sensitive than other forage legume species such as strawberry clover (Gauch and Magistad 1943), berseem clover (Kaddah 1962) or lucerne (Brown andHayward 1956, Noble et al 1987). Intraspecific variations in salt tolerance determined either by variation in the threshold level, or slope of the decline in dry matter production, have also been found in peas (Cerda et al 1982) and lucerne (Brown and Hayward 1956) when grown in the field and provide useful information when selecting cultivars to grow under saline conditions. In the present study, differences in the slopes of decline in dry matter production (or the herbage yield responses to increasing soil salinity levels), were evident between cultivars only during the warmer 1990/1991 season.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Leaf, stolon and root growth of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in response to irrigation with saline water

et al. 1994

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The effect of irrigation with water at salinity concentrations of 2.6 and 5.2 dS m -1 on the growth of pure swards of six cultivars of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) was examined over three irrigation seasons at Tatura, Victoria, Australia. After two irrigation seasons, soil EC e levels increased to 6 dS m -t at 0-60 cm depth in the higher salinity treatment resulting in highly significant (p<0.001) reductions in shoot dry matter production, flowering densities and petiole and stolon densities. These saline conditions also increased (p<0.001)concentrations of C1 and Na in the shoots and reduced (p<0.001) leaf water potentials and canopy photosynthetic efficiency rates especially at high temperatures. In contrast, root growth increased at shallow depths (0-15 cm) under both saline irrigation treatments (p<0.001). Cultivars differed significantly in salt tolerance (p < 0.001), with cultivars Haifa and Irrigation exhibiting superior tolerance in terms of lower reductions in herbage yield (p<0.05) and petiole densities (p<0.001) during one irrigation season and lower concentrations of Na and C1 in the shoots (p < 0.05) compared with the other four cultivars (Aran, Kopu, Pitau and Tamar). In addition, canopy photosynthetic efficiency rates (A*) in plots irrigated with water at 5.2 dS m -1 were higher in cultivar Haifa compared with cultivar Tamar (p<0.05). The salt tolerance ranking obtained for the six cultivars was in broad agreement with earlier greenhouse studies. Consequently, it appears that, while white clover is an extremely salt-sensitive species, it is possible to grow cultivars which display greater salt tolerance than other cultivars and which provide some scope to increase, or at least to maintain, pasture yields in areas where the soil salinity is low to mod-M. E. Rogers (t~) 9 C. L. Noble erate or where pumped saline groundwater is re-used for irrigation.

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“…Intraspecific variation in salt tolerance has been reported widely (for example Brown and Hayward, 1956;Marschner et al, 1981;Shannon, 1978;Taylor et al, 1975;Yeo and Flowers, 1983). In some species, however, little or no variation between varieties has been reported.…”

Section: Identified Variation In Salt Tolerancementioning

confidence: 99%

Arguments for the use of physiological criteria for improving the salt tolerance in crops

1992

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Efforts to develop new crop varieties with improved salt tolerance have been intensified over the past 15-20 years. Despite the existence of genetic variation for salt tolerance within species, and many methods available for expanding the source of genetic variation, there is only a limited number of varieties that have been developed with improved tolerance. These new varieties have all been based upon selection for agronomic characters such as yield or survival in saline conditions. That is, based upon characters that integrate the various physiological mechanisms responsible for tolerance. Yet over the same time period, knowledge of physiological salt responses has increased substantially.Selection and breeding to increase salt tolerance might be more successful if selection is based directly on the physiological mechanisms or characters conferring tolerance. Basic questions associated with using physiological selection criteria are discussed in the paper. These are centred around the need for genetic variation, the importance of the targeted mechanism, the ease of detection of the physiological mechanism (including the analytical requirements) and the breeding strategy. Many mechanisms, including ion exclusion, ion accumulation, compatible solute production and osmotic adjustment have been associated with genetic variation in salt tolerance. Yet their successful use in improving salt tolerance, via physiological selection criteria, is largely non-existent. Consideration is given to the role of physiological criteria in the short and long term in improving salt tolerance. In several glycophytic ~ species, particularly legumes, physiological selection based on ion exclusion from the shoots shows promise. Recent results for white clover indicate the potential for using a broad physiological selection criterion of restricted C1 accumulation in the shoots, with scope for future refinement based upon the specific physiological characters that combined result in ion exclusion.

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Salt Tolerance of Alfalfa Varieties¹

Cited by 37 publications

References 3 publications

Between and within cultivar variability in salt tolerance in lucerne, (Medicago sativa L.)

Between and within cultivar variability in salt tolerance in lucerne, (Medicago sativa L.)

Leaf, stolon and root growth of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in response to irrigation with saline water

Arguments for the use of physiological criteria for improving the salt tolerance in crops

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Salt Tolerance of Alfalfa Varieties1

Cited by 37 publications

References 3 publications

Between and within cultivar variability in salt tolerance in lucerne, (Medicago sativa L.)

Between and within cultivar variability in salt tolerance in lucerne, (Medicago sativa L.)

Leaf, stolon and root growth of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in response to irrigation with saline water

Arguments for the use of physiological criteria for improving the salt tolerance in crops

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Salt Tolerance of Alfalfa Varieties¹