Salting-out homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction for the spectrophotometric determination of iodate in food grade salt

Liquid-liquid extraction is a widely used technique of sample preparation in biomedical analysis. In spite of the high pre-concentration capacities of liquidliquid extraction, it suffers from a number of limitations including time and effort consumption, large organic solvent utilization, and poor performance in highly polar analytes. Homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction is an alternative sample preparation technique that overcomes some drawbacks of conventional liquid-liquid extraction, and allows employing greener organic solvents in sample treatment. In homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction, a homogeneous phase is formed between the aqueous sample and the water-miscible extractant, followed by chemically or physically induced phase separation. To form the homogeneous phase, aqueous samples are mixed with water-miscible organic solvents, waterimmiscible solvents/cosolvents, surfactants, or smart polymers. Then, phase separation is induced chemically (adding salt, sugar, or buffer) or physically (changing temperature or pH). This mode is rapid, sustainable, and cost-effective in comparison with other sample preparation techniques. Moreover, homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction is more suitable for the extraction of delicate macromolecules such as enzymes, hormones, and proteins and it is more compatible with liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, which is a vital technique in metabolomics and proteomics. In this review, the principle, types, applications, automation, and technical aspects of homogeneous liquid-liquid extraction are discussed.

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“…The final volume of the homogeneous mixture was 5 mL. Phase separation was achieved by the addition of 3.5 g of ammonium sulfate [99].…”

Section: Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction as an alternative sample preparation technique for biomedical analysis

Hammad

Abdallah

Bedair

et al. 2021

J of Separation Science

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“…These characteristics limit the choice of extraction solvent. However, based on the above characteristics, as well as previous reports, [35][36][37][38][39] acetone, acetonitrile, methanol and THF have been used in HLLME. Therefore, a series of tests were conducted and the above 4 solvents were evaluated as extraction solvents.…”

Section: Effect Of the Type And Volume Of Extraction Solventmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[31][32][33][34] Homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction (HLLME) is one of the liquid phase microextraction techniques that has received a lot of attention from researchers in recent years due to its very simple operation, high speed, low cost and the ability to extract and preconcentrate various analytes. [35][36][37][38] In general, this technique has two steps. In the rst step, the sample solution containing the analyte is mixed with a soluble organic extraction solvent in water to form a homogeneous mixture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homogeneous liquid–liquid microextraction based on liquid nitrogen-induced phase separation followed by GFAAS for sensitive extraction and determination of lead in lead-adulterated opium and refined opium

et al. 2020

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“…Survey of the literature reveals that many analytical techniques have been used for the determination of iodate in salt samples. The most commonly used technique is spectrophotometry where iodate reacts with several chromogenic reagents to form colored species [4][5][6][7] . Iodate has also been oxidized to iodine in acidic medium which reacts with dyes to give spectrophotometric signals 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple and Rapid Spectrophotometric method for the determination of Iodate in table salt samples using Pyrogallol red dye

Kulkarni¹

2022

J. ISAS

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A simple and rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of iodate in table salt samples has been standardized using the oxidation reaction of iodate with pyrogallol red dye in sulphuric acid medium. The determination of iodate was done by measuring the decrease in absorbance of pyrogallol red dye at 470 nm. A standard calibration curve was prepared, for iodate concentrations in the range of 0.05 µg mL-1 to5 µg mL-1. The effect of NaCl and Iinterference on iodate determination has been studied. The kinetics of the reaction between pyrogallol red and iodate has also been studied. The oxidation reaction was found to be first order with respect to iodate concentration. The method has been used for the determination of iodate in 10 different brands of locally available common salt samples. Key Words: Iodate, Table salt, Pyrogallol

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Salting-out homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction for the spectrophotometric determination of iodate in food grade salt

Cited by 13 publications

References 42 publications

Homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction as an alternative sample preparation technique for biomedical analysis

Homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction as an alternative sample preparation technique for biomedical analysis

Homogeneous liquid–liquid microextraction based on liquid nitrogen-induced phase separation followed by GFAAS for sensitive extraction and determination of lead in lead-adulterated opium and refined opium

A Simple and Rapid Spectrophotometric method for the determination of Iodate in table salt samples using Pyrogallol red dye

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