The syntheses, characterizations, and physical
properties of asymmetric polyethyl-substituted
mixed-valence
1‘,2‘,1‘‘‘-triethylbiferrocenium triiodide (15),
1‘,3‘,1‘‘‘-triethylbiferrocenium triiodide (16), and
1‘,2‘,1‘‘‘,3‘‘‘-tetraethylbiferrocenium triiodide (17) are described.
Complexes 15−17 were characterized by
electrochemical
measurements and by near-IR, 57Fe Mössbauer, and
paramagnetic 1H NMR spectroscopy. These complexes
are
found to be localized on the 57Fe Mössbauer time
scale (electron-transfer rates less than 107
s-1). The cations in
complexes 15−17 are not in equivalent
environments. This asymmetry results in a nonzero zero-point
energy
barrier for intramolecular electron transfer. Analysis of the sign
of contact shifts suggests that the electron
delocalization in 15−17 is based on competing
σ and π delocalization mechanisms. The X-ray structure of
15
has been determined at 298 K: monoclinic,
P21/n, a = 9.962(3)
Å, b = 20.610(3) Å, c = 13.326(3)
Å, β =
92.74(2)°, Z = 4, D
calcd =
2.029 g cm-3, RF
= 0.033,
R
wF
= 0.036. The neutral
compound 1‘,2‘,1‘‘‘-triethylbiferrocene crystallizes in the triclinic space group
P1̄ with two molecules in a unit cell with dimensions
a =
7.465(3), b = 8.419(2), c =
18.581(4) Å and α = 87.83(2), β = 87.98(3), γ
= 64.27(2)°; RF
= 0.021
and
R
wF
= 0.029.