This study was carried out to describe the clinicopathologic features of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in patients who develop local recurrence. We retrospectively examined 121 patients who underwent surgery for OSCC between 2006 and 2015. Local recurrence was found in 16 of 121 patients (13.2%). Fourteen patients (87.5%, 14/16) exhibited recurrence within 24 months after their initial treatment. Clinical T stage and perineural invasion were significantly correlated with local recurrence on univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis showed only perineural invasion (odds ratio : 11.2, 95% confidence interval : 2.28-63.4) as independent risk factors for increasing local recurrence. In these 16 patients, salvage treatment was performed in 12 patients (75%) , in whom salvage surgery was performed in 9 patients. The salvage cure rate was 78% (7/9) and median survival time after local recurrence was 40 months (range : 8.5-112 months). In contrast, the three patients who received radiation and/or chemotherapy as salvage treatment had a poor prognosis : the median survival time after local recurrence was 4.9 months (range : 4.8-11 months). Clinical T stage, stage of the primary tumor and salvage surgery tended to be poor prognostic factors of salvage treatment. Our results support the recommendation of salvage surgery when patients can tolerate surgery.