Same clock, different time read-out: Spontaneous brain oscillations and their relationship to deficient coding of cognitive content

Popov, Tzvetan; Popova, Petia

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.06.071

Cited by 18 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…For example, posterior alpha has been shown to allow for intermittent blocking of sensory input so as to enable the enhancement of other task-relevant activities, while still leaving the possibility for some of this information to come through. This is made possible by the fact that different alpha phases represent different levels of cortical excitability (e.g., Mathewson et al, 2009Mathewson et al, , 2011, so that, within a very short period of time, our visual cortex may oscillate between microstates characterized by high and low excitability (see also Popov & Popova, 2015). Further, alpha may be regulated (at least to some extent) locally.…”

Section: Disparate Views Regarding the Spatial And Functionalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of cognitive control: Theoretical bases, paradigms, and a view for the future

et al. 2017

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Cognitive control (with the closely related concepts of attention control and executive function) encompasses the collection of processes that are involved in generating and maintaining appropriate task goals and suppressing task goals that are no longer relevant, as well as the way in which current goal representations are used to modify attentional biases to improve task performance. Here, we provide a comprehensive but nonexhaustive review of this complex literature, with an emphasis on the contributions made by techniques for studying human brain function. The review is divided into five sections: (a) overview and historical perspective of cognitive control, its subcomponent processes, and its neural substrate; (b) most common types of tasks used to assess and/or manipulate the level of control; (c) main research findings obtained with various imaging methodologies, with a focus on ERP data, and briefer overviews of oscillatory (event-related spectral perturbations) and fMRI data; (d) major theories of cognitive control; and (e) discussion of open questions regarding how to integrate the various dimensions of control, as well as the faster versus slower temporal dynamics informing this complex and multifaceted concept.

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Section: Disparate Views Regarding the Spatial And Functionalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of cognitive control: Theoretical bases, paradigms, and a view for the future

et al. 2017

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“…When vigilance is low, and alpha power is high, cortical excitability during the troughs of alpha is insufficient to sustain information flow through the cortex at a level capable of inducing awareness for the stimulus, and the target is not detected. In this view, alpha exerts a “gating” role for perception (“alpha gating” hypothesis; see also Klimesch, Sauseng, & Hanslmayr, , and Jensen & Mazaheri, , for similar views; Popov & Popova, , for a view of alpha as possibly generating a misleading gating role for gamma oscillations in schizophrenia). Alpha appears to act as a cyclic suppressor (with a duration of 50 ms every 100 ms) of the processing of new incoming stimuli.…”

Section: Sustained Oscillations and Their Role In The Maintenance Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain reflections: A circuit‐based framework for understanding information processing and cognitive control

Gratton

2017

Psychophysiology

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Here, I propose a view of the architecture of the human information processing system, and of how it can be adapted to changing task demands (which is the hallmark of cognitive control). This view is informed by an interpretation of brain activity as reflecting the excitability level of neural representations, encoding not only stimuli and temporal contexts, but also action plans and task goals. The proposed cognitive architecture includes three types of circuits: open circuits, involved in feed-forward processing such as that connecting stimuli with responses and characterized by brief, transient brain activity; and two types of closed circuits, positive feedback circuits (characterized by sustained, high-frequency oscillatory activity), which help select and maintain representations, and negative feedback circuits (characterized by brief, low-frequency oscillatory bursts), which are instead associated with changes in representations. Feedforward activity is primarily responsible for the spread of activation along the information processing system. Oscillatory activity, instead, controls this spread. Sustained oscillatory activity due to both local cortical circuits (gamma) and longer corticothalamic circuits (alpha and beta) allows for the selection of individuated representations. Through the interaction of these circuits, it also allows for the preservation of representations across different temporal spans (sensory and working memory) and their spread across the brain. In contrast, brief bursts of oscillatory activity, generated by novel and/ or conflicting information, lead to the interruption of sustained oscillatory activity and promote the generation of new representations. I discuss how this framework can account for a number of psychological and behavioral phenomena. K E Y W O R D Salpha, beta, gamma, theta rhythms, cognitive control, ERPs, information processing, oscillatory brain activity | IN TRO DUCT ORY C ONCE P TSIn this article, 1 I present a new framework describing the architecture of the human information processing system and of the dynamic mechanisms used to maintain or modify this architecture to respond to changing task demands, which is the hallmark of cognitive control (hence, the placement of this article within a special issue of Psychophysiology on the "Dynamics of Cognitive Control: A View Across Methodologies"). This view is based on extant literature on brain activity associated with cognitive control and on my work on the analysis of brain activity data with high temporal resolution during stimulus-response paradigms. Importantly, this view is based on the consideration that time-resolved brain measures (ERPs;Fabiani, Gratton, & Federmeier, 2007; event-related-spectral perturbations, ERSPs, Makeig, 1 The expression "brain reflections" in the title of this article is used to convey three different concepts: (a) this article contains my own reflections about how humans process information; (b) the importance of feedback information, in which processing layers reflect...

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“…Schizophrenia is largely considered to be a connectivity disorder, in which normal local and long-range neural oscillatory activity and connectivity is disrupted, both across cortical sectors and in frontal-subcortical networks. 1,2 As such, it may best be conceptualized as an "oscillatory connectomopathy." 3 It is also a neurodevelopmental disorder, and even in the earliest phases of the illness, before the first psychotic episode, at-risk individuals exhibit subtle, nonspecific symptoms, cognitive dysfunction, progressive brain volumetric loss, abnormal/inefficient neural network activation, and functional disconnectivity across frontal, temporal, and parietal cortical regions.…”

Section: Schizophrenia Is a Neurodevelopmental Neurocognitive Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroscience‐informed computer‐assisted cognitive training in schizophrenia

Fisher

Herman

Stephens

et al. 2016

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous psychiatric syndrome characterized by psychosis. It is also a neurodevelopmental disorder. In the earliest phases of the illness, at-risk individuals exhibit subtle, nonspecific symptoms, including cognitive dysfunction and progressive brain volumetric loss. Generally, schizophrenia is characterized by abnormal/inefficient neural system operations and neural oscillatory activity, as well as functional disconnectivity across frontal-temporo parietal and frontal-subcortical networks; it thus may best be described as a widespread neural oscillatory connectomopathy. Despite earlier views of schizophrenia as an inevitably progressive neurodegenerative disease, emerging evidence indicates that endogenous neuroplastic capacity is retained. An active area of research is directed at understanding how best to harness this learning-induced neuroplasticity to enhance neural system functioning, improve cognition, and prevent-and possibly even reverse-disease progression. In this review, we present an overview of results from the most widely used computer-assisted cognitive-training programs in schizophrenia, contrasting a broad neuropsychological rehabilitation approach with a targeted cognitive-training approach. We then review studies on the neurobiological effects of these two training methods. Finally, we discuss future directions with a focus on the "oscillatory connectome" as a key area of investigation for developing the most precise and scientifically informed treatment approaches for this illness.

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Same clock, different time read-out: Spontaneous brain oscillations and their relationship to deficient coding of cognitive content

Cited by 18 publications

References 73 publications

Dynamics of cognitive control: Theoretical bases, paradigms, and a view for the future

Dynamics of cognitive control: Theoretical bases, paradigms, and a view for the future

Brain reflections: A circuit‐based framework for understanding information processing and cognitive control

Neuroscience‐informed computer‐assisted cognitive training in schizophrenia

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