Sample content of kinesthetic educational training: Reducing scattered X‐ray exposures to interventional physician operators of fluoroscopy

Abstract

Content used by Medical Physicists for fluoroscopy safety training to staff is deliverable via several formats, that is, online content or a live audience slide presentations. Here, we share one example of a kinesthetic (live, hands-on simulation) educational program in use at our facility for some time (~10 years). In this example, the format and content specifically target methods of reducing physician operator exposures from scattered x rays. A kinesthetic format identifies and promotes the adoption of exposure-reducing behaviors. Key kinesthetic elements of this type of training include: physician hands-on measurements of radiation levels at locations specific to their standing positions (e.g., primary arterial access points) in the room using handheld exposure rate meters, measurement of exposure rate reduction to physicians provided by using personal protective equipment, that is, wearable aprons, hanging lead drapes, and pull-down shields. Physician choice of procedurespecific tableside selectable controls affecting exposure rate from optional fluoroscopy, Cine or digital subtraction angiography (DSA), along with comparative measured contribution to physician exposure is demonstrated. The inverse square exposure rate reduction to physicians when stepping back from the table during DSA is a key observation. Kinesthetic simulations in the rooms used by physicians have been found to provide the highest level of understanding giving rise to adoption of practices that are impactful for physicians. Specific training scripts are in place for physician sub-specialization in interventional radiology, cardiology, neurosurgery, vascular surgery, and gastroenterology. This training is used for new physician staff while classroom presentations (whose content mimics in room training) are used with staff who have had previously had in room training.

Assessment of the Attenuation Properties of Commercial Lead-Free Radiation-Shielding Composite Materials Against Medical X-rays

“…The complexity of the radiation exposure conditions during imaging and interventional practices makes the radiation protection of the exposed workers a challenging task. For instance, one of the biggest challenges in radiation protection is not only the protection from primary X-ray beams, but also protection from secondary, or so-called scatter, radiation [6][7][8][9][10]. Primary radiation is related to the X-rays generated from the X-ray tube.…”