Sample Size Determination in Health Studies: A Practical Manual.

Lwanga, Stephen K.; Lemeshow, Stanley

doi:10.2307/2290547

Cited by 458 publications

(237 citation statements)

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“…Stratified random sampling was used to select which classes in each faculty would be asked to complete the questionnaire. Based on an estimated prevalence of depression among university students of 33.0% [2], a total university population of 9585 and a conservative response rate of 65%, it was calculated [19] that the study needed to approach 500 students in order to achieve a minimum sample size of 384 students. This allowed estimation of prevalence of depression with 5% precision and 95% confidence.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A longitudinal cohort study to explore the relationship between depression, anxiety and academic performance among Emirati university students

2020

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Background Many university students experience depression and anxiety, both of which have been shown to affect cognitive function. However, the impact of these emotional difficulties on academic performance is unclear. This study aims to determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety in university students in United Arab Emirates (UAE). It further seeks to explore the relationship between emotional difficulties and students’ academic performance. Methods This longitudinal study recruited 404 students (aged 17–25 years) attending one UAE university (80.4% response rate). At baseline, participants completed a paper-based survey to assess socio-economic factors and academic performance, including most recent grade point average (GPA) and attendance warnings. PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales were used to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms. At six-month follow-up, 134 participants (33.3%) provided details of their current GPA. Results Over a third of students (34.2%; CIs 29.7–38.9%) screened for possible major depressive disorder (MDD; PHQ-9 ≥ 10) but less than a quarter (22.3%; CIs 18.2–26.3%) screened for possible generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; GAD-7 ≥ 10). The Possible MDD group had lower GPAs (p = 0.003) at baseline and were less satisfied with their studies (p = 0.015). The MDD group also had lower GPAs at follow-up (p = 0.035). The Possible GAD group had lower GPAs at baseline (p = 0.003) but did not differ at follow-up. The relationship between GAD group and GPA was moderated by gender with female students in the Possible GAD group having lower GPAs (p < 0.001) than females in the Non-GAD group. Male students in the Possible GAD group had non-significantly higher GPA scores. Higher levels of both depression and anxiety symptoms scores were associated with lower GPAs at baseline. PHQ-9 scores, but not GAD-7 scores, independently predicted lower GPA scores at follow-up (p = 0.006). This relationship was no longer statistically significant after controlling for baseline GPA (p < 0.09). Conclusion This study confirms previous findings that around a third of university students are likely to be experiencing a depressive disorder at any one time. Furthermore, it provides important evidence regarding the negative impacts of emotional difficulties on students’ academic performance. The results support the need to consider the mental health of students who are struggling academically and highlight the importance of signposting those students to appropriate support, including evidence-based therapies.

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Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A longitudinal cohort study to explore the relationship between depression, anxiety and academic performance among Emirati university students

2020

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“…The sample was determined using the hypothesis test for two population proportions as seen below (Lachenbruch, Lwanga, & Lemeshow, 1991) = anticipated population proportion 2 (adherent population was assumed as 50%)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to Methadone Maintenance Treatment (Mmt) and Its Related Factors in West Java, Indonesia

Anggraini

2019

International Conference on Public Health

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Injecting Drug Users (IDUs) is one of the leading causes of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic in several countries in Asia. To anticipate the danger posed by the transmission of HIV and to reduce opioid injection, the Methadone Maintenance Treatment was developed. Adherence to Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) is one of the evaluation criteria in MMT because it requires a long period of therapy. Adherence patterns and related factors are important to achieve treatment goals. This study aims to identify several factors related to MMT adherence in West Java, Indonesia. This cross-sectional study was carried out to 92 participants from three selected primary health care which conducted the MMT program in West Java in 2018. Data was collected from patients interviews, methadone retrieval records from the last 30 days, and medical records from April-June 2018. Patient characteristics and other variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics. For bivariate analysis, Chi-square test was used to select related factors to patient's adherence. Multiple linear regression with stepwise method was used to analyze dominant factors related to patient adherence. This study found a total of 58.7% of participants were deemed adherent to MMT. Besides, patients that had a diagnose of HIV positive [adjusted odds ratio (ORa) = 4.03; P = 0.005] and surrounded by somebody with which patients can share their life (ORa = 6.26; P = 0.005) may lead to higher adherence. Adherence to MMT was associated with several factors. To improve patient adherence, support from family and friends are substantial. Meanwhile, patients with a history of negative HIV must be monitored to sustain its adherence to MMT program.

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“…The sampling unit for this study was an adolescent living in Flat Pandamar Indah, Pelabuhan Klang, Selangor. Sample size was calculated using Lwanga and Lemeshow (1991) with minimum sample of 136. Data of the study population was collected using pretested selfadministered questionnaires.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Factors Associated With Cigarette Smoking Among Adolescents of Flat Pandamar Indah, Klang, Selangor

Zainudin¹,

Philanderson²,

Ci³

et al. 2018

IJPHCS

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Background:The tobacco epidemic kills more than 7 million people a year. The prevalence of smoking among Malaysians aged 15 years and over, remains high despite the implementation of several anti-smoking measures over the past decades. Therefore, the study is conducted to determine the prevalence and factors associated with cigarette smoking among adolescents. Materials and Methods:A cross sectional study design was conducted among adolescents of urban area in Flat Pandamar Indah in Klang. Purposive sampling was used to select the respondents. The dependent variable was cigarette smoking, defined as ever smoked at least one puff. The independent variables were socio-demographic factors, environmental factors, awareness and knowledge on smoking, and psychosocial factors. Data of the study population was collected using pretested self-administered questionnaires. Descriptive analysis and bivariate analysis (chi-square test) was used to analyse the data by IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25.0. Ethical approval from Ethics Committee for Research Involving Human Subjects, University Putra Malaysia and consent from parents of the respondents were obtained.Result: A total of 138 respondents was involved in this study. The prevalence of cigarette smoking was 27.5%. Factors significantly associated with cigarette smoking were gender (p=0.001), pocket money (p=0.003), cigarette advertisement influence (p=0.001), awareness on smoking (p=0.004), knowledge on smoking (p=0.001), anti-smoking attitudes (p=0.001) and belief factors (p=0.001). Conclusion:The factors significantly associated with cigarette smoking among adolescents in this study were modifiable factors, except for gender. Therefore, intervention can be carried out to prevent cigarette smoking among them.

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Sample Size Determination in Health Studies: A Practical Manual.

Cited by 458 publications

References 0 publications

A longitudinal cohort study to explore the relationship between depression, anxiety and academic performance among Emirati university students

A longitudinal cohort study to explore the relationship between depression, anxiety and academic performance among Emirati university students

Adherence to Methadone Maintenance Treatment (Mmt) and Its Related Factors in West Java, Indonesia

Prevalence and Factors Associated With Cigarette Smoking Among Adolescents of Flat Pandamar Indah, Klang, Selangor

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