Sample stacking for the analysis of eight penicillin antibiotics by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography

Puig, Patricia; Borrull, Francesc; Calull, Marta; Aguilar, Carme

doi:10.1002/elps.200406175

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…They include penicillins and cephalosporins (also aminocillins, carbapenems, and monobactams) (b-lactam antibiotics, http://www.cic.klte.hu/,gundat/betalaca.htm; checked on May 2005). Penicillins included in this review, ampicillin, penicillin V, penicillin G, amoxicillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, nafcillin, and ticarcillin, have been separated using borate or phosphate-borate buffers at basic pH usually with SDS micelles [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. As example, Fig.…”

Section: â-Lactam Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As example, Fig. 1 shows the separation of a mixture of eight of these penicillins in borate buffer at pH 8 with SDS micelles in about 20 min after an on-column sample preconcentration by stacking [8]. In addition, the use of UV-detection at low wavelengths (from 185 to 214 nm) enabled to obtain LODs ranging from 0.005 to 1.5 mg/mL (see Table 1).…”

Section: â-Lactam Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peak identification: 1, amoxicillin; 2, penicillin G; 3, ampicillin; 4, oxacillin; 5, penicillin V; 6, cloxacillin; 7, nafcillin; 8, dicloxacillin. Reprinted from [8], with permission. surfactant (SDS) and a neutral surfactant (lauryl polyoxyethylene ether, Brij 35) achieving LODs in the mg/mL range when UV-detection at 210 nm was used [13].…”

Section: â-Lactam Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, these sample treatment procedures can concentrate antibiotic samples prior to the injection in the CE system. It is also important to remark the interest of the use of on-column sample preconcentration techniques based on electrophoretic principles, such as stacking preconcentration, which has been achieved very recently for a group of penicillins [8]. In fact, the achievement of low detection limits is important for the analysis of biological, food, and environmental samples.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent advances in the analysis of antibiotics by capillary electrophoresis

García-Ruiz

Marina

2006

Electrophoresis

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Recent advances in the analysis of antibiotics by capillary electrophoresisIn this review, the main aspects related to the separation of different groups of antibiotics by CE as well as the different applications reported in the literature from the beginning 2003 till May 2005 will be provided to the readers. Firstly, the experimental conditions employed to achieve the analysis of antibiotics by CE are given. Then, the main applications performed in the pharmaceutical, clinical, food, and environmental fields have been reviewed making emphasis on sample preparation requirements needed in each case. Finally, the main conclusions and future prospects in this field are presented. Although HPLC is mainly used for the analysis of antibiotics by separation techniques, CE is being increasingly employed due to its favorable characteristics (high efficiency, large flexibility, and low consumption of samples and reagents). In addition, CE is being used in routine analysis because it allows obtaining appropriate analytical characteristics and good quantitative results. The analysis of antibiotics by CE is mainly included in two different working modes: (i) CZE where a separation buffer without or with additives is used for the separation of ionic or ionogenic antibiotics based on their different electrophoretic mobilities, and (ii) MEKC where a micellar system (surfactant at a concentration higher than its CMC) is added to the separation buffer to perform the separation of neutral and/or ionic or ionogenic antibiotics based on the generation of a pseudostationary phase in which analyte partition takes place. Although much less used, CEC and nonaqueous CE (NACE) have also been used for the analysis of antibiotics [2]. KeywordsIn order to provide to the readers an updated view of the separation conditions as well as the different applications reported in the analysis of antibiotics using CE as separation technique, this review covers the literature dealing on the analysis of antibiotics by CE from the beginning of 2003 till May 2005. Literature published before this date on this subject has already been reviewed by Flurer [2][3][4][5]. The experimental conditions employed to achieve the analysis of antibiotics by CE are first presented in this article. Section 3 of this work describes the main applications performed in the pharmaceutical, clinical, food, and environmental fields making emphasis on sample preparation requirements needed in each case. Finally, the main conclusions and future prospects in this field are presented. Analysis of antibiotics by CE

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Section: â-Lactam Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: â-Lactam Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: â-Lactam Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conclusion and Future Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent advances in the analysis of antibiotics by capillary electrophoresis

García-Ruiz

Marina

2006

Electrophoresis

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“…Also MEKC can be especially useful for the determination of penicillins from samples having high protein content (clinical samples, biological fluids), reducing the disadvantageous matrix effects caused by organic materials, while CZE through its simplicity and versatility can be successfully used for the determination of penicillins from pharmaceutical formulations (Hernandez, Borrull, Calull, 2003;Puig et al, 2005). CE methods for the specific penicillin residues determination from environmental (Bailon Perez et al, 2009) and food (Kowalski, Konieczna, 2007;Bailon Perez et al, 2009) samples were also reported lately.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of capillary electrophoresis to the simultaneous determination and stability study of four extensively used penicillin derivatives

Simon¹,

Hancu²,

Gyéresi³

2014

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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The applicability of capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of four extensively used penicillin derivatives (benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, oxacilllin) has been studied. Because of structural similarities, the electrophoretic behavior of these derivatives is very similar; consequently an efficient separation using the conventional capillary zone electrophoresis is hard to be achieved. Their simultaneous separation was solved by using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography, the separation being based on the differential partition of the analytes between the micellar and aqueous phase. Using a buffer solution containing 25 mM sodium tetraborate and 100 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate as surfactant, at a pH of 9.3, applying a voltage of + 25 kV at a temperature of 25 °C, we achieved the simultaneous separation of the studied penicillin derivatives in less then 5 minutes. The separation conditions were optimized and the analytical performance of the method was evaluated in terms of precision, linearity, limit of detection, and quantification. Also, a simple capillary zone electrophoresis method was applied to study the stability of the studied penicillin derivatives in water at different temperatures, using ciprofloxacin hydrochloride as internal standard. It was observed that the extent of the hydrolysis of penicillins in water is highly dependent on the time and also temperature.Uniterms: Penicillin/derivatives/stability study. Capillary electrophoresis/drugs analysis.Estudou-se a aplicabilidade de electroforese capilar para a análise de quatro derivados de penicilina (benzilpenicilina, ampicilina, amoxicilina, oxacilina) amplamente utilizados. Em razão das semelhanças estruturais, o comportamento electroforético destes derivados é muito semelhante e, por conseguinte, a separação eficaz utilizando a electroforese capilar de zona convencional é difícil de ser efetuada. A separação simultânea foi realizada por cromatografia capilar electrocinética micelar, que se baseia na partição diferencial entre os analitos na fase micelar e aquosa. Utilizando-se solução tampão contendo 25 mM de tetraborato de sódio e 100 mM de dodecil sulfato de sódio, como agente tensioativo, com pH de 9,3, voltagem de +25 kV, à temperatura de 25 °C, obteve-se a separação simultânea das penicilinas estudadas em menos de 5 minutos. As condições de separação foram otimizadas e o desempenho do método analítico foi avaliado em termos de precisão, linearidade, limite de detecção e de quantificação. Além disso, aplicou-se método de electroforese capilar de zona simples para estudar a estabilidade de penicilinas em água a diferentes temperaturas, utilizando cloridrato de ciprofloxacino como padrão interno. Estabeleceu-se que o grau de hidrólise de penicilinas em água é altamente dependente do tempo e também da temperatura.Unitermos: Penicilina/derivados/estudos da estabilidade. Electroforese capilar/ análise de fármacos.

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Determination of mercaptopurine and its four metabolites by large‐volume sample stacking with polarity switching in capillary electrophoresis

Wang¹,

Chiou

2005

Electrophoresis

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This study describes approaches for stacking a large volume of sample solutions containing a mixture of mercaptopurine monohydrate, 6-methylmercaptopurine, thioguanine, thioguanosine, and thioxanthine in capillary electrophoresis (CE). After filling the run buffer (60 mM borate buffer, pH 8.5), a large sample volume was loaded by hydrodynamic injection (2.5 psi, 99.9 s), followed by the removal of the large plug of sample matrix from the capillary using polarity switching (-15 kV). Monitoring the current and reversing the polarity when 95% of current recovered, the separation of anionic analytes was performed in a run buffer < 20 kV. Around 44- to 90-fold improvement of sensitivity for five analytes was achieved by large-volume stacking with polarity switching when compared with CE without stacking. This method was feasible for determination of the analytes spiked in plasma. Removing most of electrolytes from plasma is a key step for performing large-volume sample stacking. Solid-phase extraction was used for pretreatment of biological samples. To our knowledge, this study is one of few applications showing the possibilities of this stacking procedure to analyze biological samples by large-volume sample stacking with polarity switching (LVSSPS) in CE.

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Sample stacking for the analysis of eight penicillin antibiotics by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography

Cited by 25 publications

References 31 publications

Recent advances in the analysis of antibiotics by capillary electrophoresis

Recent advances in the analysis of antibiotics by capillary electrophoresis

Application of capillary electrophoresis to the simultaneous determination and stability study of four extensively used penicillin derivatives

Determination of mercaptopurine and its four metabolites by large‐volume sample stacking with polarity switching in capillary electrophoresis

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