Sample transport efficiency with electrothermal vaporization and electrostatic deposition technique in multielement solid sample analysis of plant and cereal materials

Developments in the Determination of Trace Elements by Atomic Spectroscopic Techniques

“…A combination of ETV of a sample from one ETV, with electrostatic deposition (ETV-ED) (Bernhardt et al 2000) of aerosol on a L'vov platform in a second graphite furnace for subsequent analysis (used for subsequent electrothermal atomization multielement analysis), was reported by ETV unit with loaded platform in the first furnace (GF 1 ), connections for carrier gas (Ar 1 ) and secondary gas (Ar 2 ), and manual shutter for boat introduction as well as pyrolysis gas outlet. (c) CFS-spectrometer with lamp, crossed polarizers (P 1 and P 2 ), magnet, the second graphite furnace (GF 2 ), glass capillary introduced, and detector system.…”

“…Copyright 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. Buchkamp and Hermann (1999) (see Fig. 1), and Bernhardt et al (2000). The aerosol, generated by vaporization of liquid as well as solid primary samples, was transported to the graphite furnace by Ar gas flow and was piped into the furnace through the dosing hole via a glass capillary mounted on the autosampler arm of a continuum source, coherent forward-scattering spectrometer (CFS).…”

An electrothermal vaporization unit with axially focusing convection upstream and influence of modifiers. Part I: Experimental

“…Various constructions of electrothermal vaporization (ETV) cells have been used as sample introduction tools for inductively coupled plasma optical emission and mass spectrometry (ICP-OES/MS) [1][2][3][4][5] as well as for graphite furnace (GF) analytical techniques [6][7][8][9]. Advantages of the ETV dosing are the capability for solid, liquid, and slurry sampling, reduction of sample preparation time with reduced risk of sample contamination and of analyte loss prior to analysis.…”

“…Up to now, the ETV devices are based on the following designs: (1) cup vaporizers, (2) end-on flow-through GFs with vapor outlet through one of the ends of the graphite tube [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][10][11][12], and (3) upstream configurations with the gas entering the GF through its ends and released upwards through a hole in the tube center [1,9,12,13]. The comparison shows the superiority of the upstream configuration [12].…”

“…The generated aerosol is transferred via a tygon® tubing (Norton, Akron, OH, USA) to a Continuum Source GF Coherent Forward Scattering multi-element Spectrometer (CS-CFS). Instrumental parameters and detailed description of the spectrometer are given elsewhere [6,7,[24][25][26]. On the transport path the aerosol is divided in pre-set 1:9 ratio [9] and then quantitatively (possible exception: Section 3.5 last paragraph) collected via electrostatic precipitation (EP) with a corona-like discharge [7,[27][28][29][30] upon the platform of the HGA-600 CFS furnace.…”