Sampling and digestion of waste mobile phones printed circuit boards for Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn determination

Mičková, Vladislava; Ružičková, Silvia; Remeteiová, Dagmar; Laubertová, Martina; Dorková, Marianna

doi:10.1007/s11696-017-0353-y

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…[ 27 ] The Cr content was measured after wet digestion according to Hashemi [ 28 ] and Mickova et al . [ 29 ] reported method. 0.1 mL serum was taken out and added in the nitric acid and perchloric acid (1:4, v/v).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of chromium malate and its influence on trace metals absorption after oral or intravenous administration

Feng

Wang

et al. 2018

Indian J Pharmacol

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OBJECTIVES:In our preliminary study, chromium malate could decrease the blood glucose level in mice with diabetes and exhibits good benefits in treating glycometabolism and adipose metabolization obstacle in rats with type 2 diabetes. This study was aimed at assessing the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of chromium malate and influence on trace metals absorption in rats.METHODS:BAPP 2.3 pharmacokinetic calculating program (China Pharmaceutical University Medicine Center) was used to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters. Models of type 2 diabetic mellitus rats were applied to analyzed Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Zn contents.RESULTS:The results showed that mean retention time (MRT) in chromium malate group was significantly prolonged and the area under the curve (AUC) and relative bioavailability of chromium malate (male) group were significant increase compared to chromium picolinate group. The serum Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Zn contents in chromium malate (at doses of 15 and 20 μg Cr/kg bw) groups were significantly increased compared to control group, chromium trichloride group, and chromium picolinate group in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats.CONCLUSIONS:Those results indicated that chromium malate can significantly prolong MRT and increase AUC (male). Moreover, chromium malate is more effective at treating increased serum Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, and Zn contents compared to chromium trichloride and chromium picolinate.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of chromium malate and its influence on trace metals absorption after oral or intravenous administration

Feng

Wang

et al. 2018

Indian J Pharmacol

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“…The use of multiple acid digestions was found to be effective in solubilising metals from PCB samples [16,18,20,21]. These wet digestion methods are commonly conducted under ambient open conditions using a heat source such as a hot plate or heating mantle, and, typically, Teflon coated magnetic stir bars are used for agitation.…”

Section: Pressure-and Microwave-assisted Acid Digestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It provides the advantage of conducting the digestion in a closed system under high pressure and temperature. This not only decreases the duration to achieve complete digestion, but the increased pressure has been shown to be more effective in digesting PCB samples, resulting in significantly higher yields of base metals [16,18,20,21]. As such, microwave-assisted high-pressure digestion was investigated as an alternative analytical method (AM4) to characterise the PCB samples.…”

Section: Pressure-and Microwave-assisted Acid Digestionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different methodologies have been investigated for characterising metals composition in PCB waste, with the majority relying on acid digestion to solubilise the metals present (Table 2). Noteworthily, little research has been conducted to determine the optimal method for e-waste characteri-sation [16][17][18][19][20][21]. Even fewer studies have attempted to create a reference material (RM) to determine the accuracy of the employed analytical methods [19,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Comparison of Methods for the Characterisation of Waste-Printed Circuit Boards

Yken

Cheng

Boxall

et al. 2021

Metals

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Electronic waste is a growing waste stream globally. With 54.6 million tons generated in 2019 worldwide and with an estimated value of USD 57 billion, it is often referred to as an urban mine. Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are a major component of electronic waste and are increasingly considered as a secondary resource for value recovery due to their high precious and base metals content. PCBs are highly heterogeneous and can vary significantly in composition depending on the original function. Currently, there are no standard methods for the characterisation of PCBs that could provide information relevant to value recovery operations. In this study, two pre-treatments, smelting and ashing of PCB samples, were investigated to determine the effect on PCB characterisation. In addition, to determine the effect of particle size and element-specific effects on the characterisation of PCBs, samples were processed using four different analytical methods. These included multi-acid digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) analysis, nitric acid digestion followed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis, multi-acid digestion followed by fusion digestion and analysis using ICP-OES, and microwave-assisted multi-acid digestion followed by ICP-OES analysis. In addition, a mixed-metal standard was created to serve as a reference material to determine the accuracy of the various analytical methods. Smelting and ashing were examined as potential pre-treatments before analytical characterisation. Smelting was found to reduce the accuracy of further analysis due to the volatilisation of some metal species at high temperatures. Ashing was found to be a viable pre-treatment. Of the four analytical methods, microwave-assisted multi-acid digestion offered the most precision and accuracy. It was found that the selection of analytical methods can significantly affect the accuracy of the observed metal content of PCBs, highlighting the need for a standardised method and the use of certified reference material.

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“…Mixtures of hydrogen peroxide, aqua regia, and hydrofluoric acid were applied to test sample digestion. Closed-and open-vessel wet digestion with or without heating, as well as microwave-assisted digestion, was carried out [16]. This paper aims to study the influence of different grain-size samples on the accuracy of chemical analysis for determining the Au content in WPCBs from electronic scrap.…”

Section: Fig 1 a Sampling At Kovohuty Slovakia (A) Aurubis Germamentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of sampling and chemical analysis of waste printed circuit boards from WEEE: gold content determination

Laubertová

Malindžáková

Trpcevska³

et al. 2019

Metall Mater Eng

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Waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) from discarded mobile phones and smartphones are considerably heterogeneous materials with a high gold content (approx. 490 grams per ton). The aim of our chemical analysis of samples of WPCBs was to determine the amounts of gold using open acid digestion and atomic absorption spectrometry (HR CS AAS). The test samples designated for chemical analysis must genuinely represent the bulk WPCBs from which they are taken. This study aimed to develop a correct sampling procedure to analyze the heterogeneous materials from printed circuit boards; explicitly concerning the influence of particle size on the precision of chemical analysis of WPCBs from discarded mobile phones. Chemical analysis of the representative sample of WPCBs with a grain size fraction of d ≤ 200 μm determined that the gold content was 475 g∙t-1 with a low variation coefficient and low dispersion which indicates very high accuracy of the designed sampling procedure.

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Sampling and digestion of waste mobile phones printed circuit boards for Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn determination

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of chromium malate and its influence on trace metals absorption after oral or intravenous administration

Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of chromium malate and its influence on trace metals absorption after oral or intravenous administration

A Comparison of Methods for the Characterisation of Waste-Printed Circuit Boards

Assessment of sampling and chemical analysis of waste printed circuit boards from WEEE: gold content determination

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