Sampling and Sample Handling for Process Control

Abstract

Sampling and sample handling are crucial steps in monitoring and control of bioprocesses. Reproducibility in sampling and handling of the sample are key issues when developing new analytical tools. One of the problems with biotechnological processes is that often, microorganisms or enzymes are present in the sample and their activities have to be stopped in the sampling moment, otherwise the composition of the sample may change before analysis is carried out. Integrated processing of samples can be carried out using flow‐injection analysis with different processing steps such as dialysis, dilution, reagent addition etc. This area is attracting increasing interest now when industrial biotechnology is addressing processes with relatively low margins and where efficient process technology is a prerequisite.

A review of microfabricated electrochemical biosensors for DNA detection

“…Other forms of microfabricated DNA sensors exist such as Field-Effect Transistor (FET) based sensors and those based on selective nanopores. These will not be investigated here and an interested reader is pointed to several relevant reviews (Howorka et al, 2001;Mattiasson and Hedström, 2016;Veigas et al, 2015). Table 1 contains a list of other recent reviews that expand areas touched on in this work giving the reader an oversight into the field of biosensors, as well as showing where this review fits into the literature.…”