Sampling and sample preparation

Quality aspects in laboratories for soil and plant analysis

“…A good description of various aspects of sample preparation steps for environmental materials has been given by Novozamsky et al (1995) and Woittiez and Sloof (1994). For extraction procedures, very well standardized procedures must be followed.…”

Analytical Chemistry of Element Determination (Non‐Nuclear and Nuclear)

“…The text is preceded by a strange table of contents that, for each chapter, omits titles and authors and provides incomplete pagination. Several relevant chapters are on systematic errors in trace analysis (Tölg and Tschöpel 1994); sampling and sample preparation (Woittiez and Sloof 1994); separation and preconcentration of trace elements (Terada 1994); atomic absorption spectrometry (Pelly 1994); and instrumental and radiochemical NAA (Alfassi 1994b, c). The book on environmental chemical analysis by Kebbekus and Mitra (1998), contains one chapter on spectroscopic methods with brief sections on background to spectroscopy, LAS, AAS, ICPAES and XRF.…”

“…An impression of the exactitude of the collection, preservation and storage process for materials in specimen banks can be obtained from several publications on specimen banking (Rossbach et al 1992, Lewis et al 1992, Eschnauer and Stoeppler 1992. Other publications including information on sample collection are: Salbu and Oughton (1995) (strategies of sampling, fractionation, and analysis, representative sampling, contamination and species preservation); Quevauviller (1995) (quality assurance in environmental monitoring, sampling and sample pre-treatment); Woittiez and Sloof (1994) (sampling and sample preparation); Walton and Hoffman (1959) (principles and methods of sampling); Schuller and Egan (1976) (sampling of foods with respect to analysis for Cd, Pb, Hg and MeHg).…”

“…Iyengar and Sansoni (1980) discuss pretreatment of biological materials in an IAEA technical report. Some of the same references presented in the preceding section on sample collection and storage also have information on pretreatment : Stoeppler 1997a, b, Müller and Eckard 1997, Ostapczuk 1997a, Helmers 1997, Del Castilho and Breder 1997, Osberghaus and Helmers 1997, Schladot and Backhaus 1997, Wagner 1997, Rechenberg and Bachmann 1997a, Matter and Stoeppler 1997, Sansoni and Iyengar 1978, Iyengar 1986, Riley et al 1975, Grasshoff et al 1999, Brügmann and Kremling 1999, Kremling and Brüg-mann 1999, Rossbach et al 1992, Lewis et al 1992, Eschnauer and Stoeppler 1992, Salbu and Oughton 1995, Quevauviller 1995, Woittiez and Sloof 1994, Walton and Hoffman 1959, Schuller and Egan 1976, Marshall 1993). …”