Sampling harmful benthic dinoflagellates: Comparison of artificial and natural substrate methods

Tester, Patricia A.; Kibler, Steven R.; Holland, William C.; Usup, Gires; Vandersea, Mark W.; Leaw, Chui Pin; Lim, Po Teen; Larsen, Jacob; Mohammad-Noor, Normawaty; Faust, Maria A.; Litaker, R. Wayne

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2014.06.009

Cited by 102 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…at the study site, artificial substrate and rubble samples were collected from six lagoon and back reef pool locations and processed following established methods (Lobel, Anderson, & Durand-Clement, 1988;P. A. Tester et al, 2014).…”

Section: Field Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Artificial substrates were constructed using black window screen, fishing line, fishing swivels to allow free movement, and a small float to suspend the screen in the water column (Figure 4.2) (P. A. Tester et al, 2014). Screens were 15.5 by 10.5cm.…”

Section: Field Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As in previous studies, screen surface area for Gambierdiscus abundance measurements was calculated by considering the screen to be composed of cylindrical filaments resulting in a total surface area of 156.74cm 2 (P. A. Tester et al, 2014). Artificial substrates were deployed for 24 and 72 hours at a time.…”

Section: Field Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to artificial substrates, these samples were then brought back to shore for processing. Tester et al, 2014) and (B) image of constructed devices deployed at Wai'Ōpae. A small fishing float was attached through a swivel with fishing line to a screen and a rock used as a weight.…”

Section: Field Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Species have been shown to co-occur previously (Nishimura et al, 2013;P. A. Tester et al, 2014) but this is the first published study quantifying Gambierdiscus community abundance and composition from field samples in such close spatial proximity through seasons and from multiple substrate types.…”

Section: Temperature Gradient Bar Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenotypic diversity within two toxic dinoflagellate genera: environmental and transcriptomic studies of species diversity in Alexandrium and Gambierdiscus

Pitz¹

2016

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Dinoflagellates are a diverse group of single-celled eukaryotic phytoplankton that are important for their unique genetics and molecular biology, the multitude of ecological roles they play, and the ability of multiple species to produce toxins that affect human and ecosystems health. Two dinoflagellate genera, Alexandrium and Gambierdiscus each contain species that can cause human poisoning syndromes, although the methods of toxin transfer, accumulation, and exposure are very different. Gambierdiscus is a benthic organism that produces lipophilic ciguatoxins that can bioaccumulate in coral reef fish and cause ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) in human consumers. Alexandrium is a planktonic species that produces saxitoxins that can directly accumulate in shellfish and cause paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) in humans. Both genera contain multiple species that vary dramatically in toxicity and physiology. Through transcriptomic analysis, this thesis describes the genetic diversity present across dinoflagellates that produce saxitoxin, elaborating on differences in their complement of genes within the saxitoxin biosynthesis pathway. This study demonstrated retention and expression of some of these saxitoxin genes by non-toxic species within Alexandrium, as well as in Gambierdiscus, which does not produce saxitoxins. Furthermore it confirmed the presence of certain transcripts only in toxin-producing species. This thesis then developed novel fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes that can be used to identify and enumerate six Gambierdiscus species, thereby enabling the community composition of Gambierdiscus to be examined in a quantifiable manner. The probes were tested in the laboratory on cultures, and then successfully applied to field samples from Florida Keys and Hawai'i. Gambierdiscus species are diverse in both their toxicity and optimal temperature ranges for growth. Analysis of Gambierdiscus community composition in an area of variable temperature allowed the characterization of species shifts that were driven both by a seasonal increase in mean seawater temperatures and spatial variability of temperature experienced between tidal pools. Overall this thesis advances the knowledge of dinoflagellate genetics and ecology, aids in the characterization of species harmful to public health, and provides tools and approaches to help monitor and manage harmful effects from these species, including some that are projected to increase with climate change.

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Section: Field Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Field Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Field Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Field Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Temperature Gradient Bar Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenotypic diversity within two toxic dinoflagellate genera: environmental and transcriptomic studies of species diversity in Alexandrium and Gambierdiscus

Pitz¹

2016

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Ciguatoxin prevalence in 4 commercial fish species along an oceanic exposure gradient in the US Virgin Islands

Loeffler

Robertson

Quintana

et al. 2018

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Ciguatera fish poisoning is a seafood-toxin illness resulting from consumption of fish contaminated with ciguatoxins. Managing ciguatera fish poisoning is complex. It is made easier, however, by local fishers from endemic areas reporting regional predictability for local fish species' ciguatera fish poisoning risk, which the present study then tested. We investigated the prevalence of ciguatoxins in 4 commonly marketed and consumed species (Balistes vetula, Haemulon plumierii, Ocyurus chrysurus, and Epinephelus guttatus) across an oceanic gradient (north, south, east, and west) from the US Virgin Islands. Fish muscle extracts were analyzed for Caribbean ciguatoxins using an in vitro mouse neuroblastoma (N2a) cytotoxicity assay and confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Fish collected from the north location had 0 fish with detectable ciguatoxins; this site also had the greatest wave energy. Caribbean ciguatoxins in fish ranged from 0.01 to 0.11, 0.004 to 0.10, and 0.005 to 0.18 ng Caribbean ciguatoxin-1 eq/g, from the west, east, and south respectively. Ciguatoxin-like activity was detectable by the N2a assay in 40, 41, 50, and 70% of H. plumierii, O. chrysurus, B. vetula, and E. guttatus, respectively. Of the fish collected, 4% had Caribbean ciguatoxin levels exceeding the US Food and Drug Administration guidance of 0.1 ng Caribbean ciguatoxin-1 eq/g fish. These findings concurred with spatial ciguatera fish poisoning prevalence information provided by local fishers in the US Virgin Islands and demonstrate how partnerships between researchers and fishers can aid the improvement of science-based ciguatera fish poisoning management. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;39:1852-1863. Published 2018 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.

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Key Questions and Recent Research Advances on Harmful Algal Blooms in Benthic Systems

et al. 2018

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Sampling harmful benthic dinoflagellates: Comparison of artificial and natural substrate methods

Cited by 102 publications

References 42 publications

Phenotypic diversity within two toxic dinoflagellate genera: environmental and transcriptomic studies of species diversity in Alexandrium and Gambierdiscus

Phenotypic diversity within two toxic dinoflagellate genera: environmental and transcriptomic studies of species diversity in Alexandrium and Gambierdiscus

Ciguatoxin prevalence in 4 commercial fish species along an oceanic exposure gradient in the US Virgin Islands

Key Questions and Recent Research Advances on Harmful Algal Blooms in Benthic Systems

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