Sampling in developmental science: Situations, shortcomings, solutions, and standards

Bornstein, Marc H.; Jager, Justin; Putnick, Diane L.

doi:10.1016/j.dr.2013.08.003

Cited by 475 publications

(357 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…One of the limitations is that because we utilized convenience sampling method, there is possibility that sampling bias was introduced and this may limit the external validity of the study’s results. In comparison to population-based probability sampling, convenience sampling produces estimates that are more generalizable to the sample studied, whereas results produced from population-based sampling could yield more representative estimates of the target population [44]. Furthermore, as a cross-sectional study, significant association between the factors of interest and outcome can be difficult to interpret, and causality cannot be established as correlation does not imply causation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence and perceived barriers to oral antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B

Liu

Farazi

et al. 2018

Global Health Action

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Background: Globally, of the 248 million people chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), 74 million reside in China. Five oral nucleot(s)ide analogs (NUCs) have been approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in China. Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine rates of adherence to NUC therapy in patients with CHB, to identify the self-perceived barriers to adherence, and to examine the factors associated with adherence. Methods: Questionnaire-based interviews were administered among Chinese patients with CHB at hepatology clinics of a tertiary hospital in the city of Wuhan, China. Adults aged 18 years or older prescribed with NUCs were recruited and interviewed to complete a 27-item questionnaire in a private setting, and adherence was measured using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Results: Among 369 participants, only 16.5% had high adherence (score of 8), 32.2% had medium adherence (score of 6 to <8), and 51.2% were measured with low adherence (score of <6). A logistic regression model was used to determine the factors associated with medication adherence. Significant predictors of high adherence consisted of urban residency, non-cirrhotic status, not using prescribed pills other than HBV medications, and reminders from family members. The five most common reasons for skipping NUCs were that medication(s) are expensive (48.7%), forgetfulness (45.1%), have experienced or worry about potential side effects (19.8%), do not want others to know about my medication(s) usage (18.5%), and ran out of pills and do not have time to refill (15.9%). Conclusions: This study revealed that adherence rates to oral antiviral therapy were far from optimal. This finding should generate public attention, and it would be beneficial for interventional programs to target Chinese patients from rural regions, as well as patients with low socioeconomic status, cirrhosis, and taking multiple medications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence and perceived barriers to oral antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B

Liu

Farazi

et al. 2018

Global Health Action

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“…This is especially the case with regard to the results for fathers in Study 2, who might have been more strongly involved in their child's life than fathers in the general population. The sample of Study 1 was also limited in this regard because it was collected by undergraduate students, a procedure that may have resulted in a relatively homogenous sample of families (Bornstein, Jager, & Putnick, 2013).…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Examination of the Dynamics Involved in Parental Child-Invested Contingent Self-Esteem

et al. 2015

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SYNOPSISObjective. The present study examined dynamics involved in parents' tendency to hinge their self-esteem on their children's achievements (i.e., child-invested contingent self-esteem). In two studies, a model was tested in which perceived social pressure to be an achievement-promoting parent, and parents' own controlled causality orientation, served as antecedents of parental child-invested contingent self-esteem which, in turn, was related to achievement-oriented psychologically controlling parenting. Design. Study 1 was a cross-sectional study in which 254 mothers, 248 fathers, and their 12-year-old children completed a self-report survey. Study 2 was a short-term longitudinal study of 186 parents of 10-year-old children. Results. Both studies provided support for the hypothesized model. Study 1 showed that the model held even when controlling for parents' level of self-esteem. Study 2 showed that increases in parental child-invested contingent self-esteem were related to increases in achievement-oriented psychologically controlling parenting even when controlling for child performance. Conclusions. Parents' tendency to invest their self-worth in their child's performance is related to a psychologically controlling parenting style and is influenced by parents' personality as well as their perception of the social environment.

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“…Resulting estimates are usually moderate but vary somewhat with the domain, measure, method, source, and context as well as the ages of assessment and temporal interval between assessments. This univariate approach constitutes a logical initial step in understanding the ontogeny of child language that precedes studies and analyses of multiple aspects of language investigated simultaneously over longer-terms in larger samples with more diverse characteristics (Bornstein, Jager, & Putnick, 2013). Here we report such an omnibus study of long-term (15 months to 11 years) stability of core language skill in relatively large ( N = 421) skill-stratified samples.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term stability of core language skill in children with contrasting language skills.

Bornstein¹,

Hahn²,

Putnick³

2016

Developmental Psychology

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This four-wave longitudinal study evaluated stability of core language skill in 421 European American and African American children, half of whom were identified as low (n = 201) and half of whom were average-to-high (n = 220) in later language skill. Structural equation modeling supported loadings of multivariate age-appropriate multisource measures of child language on single latent variables of core language skill at 15 and 25 months and 5 and 11 years. Significant stability coefficients were obtained between language latent variables for children of low and average-to-high language skill, even accounting for child positive social interaction and nonverbal intelligence, maternal education and language, and family home environment. Prospects for children with different language skills and intervention implications are discussed.

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Sampling in developmental science: Situations, shortcomings, solutions, and standards

Cited by 475 publications

References 38 publications

Adherence and perceived barriers to oral antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B

Adherence and perceived barriers to oral antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B

An Examination of the Dynamics Involved in Parental Child-Invested Contingent Self-Esteem

Long-term stability of core language skill in children with contrasting language skills.

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