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BACKGROUNDEfficacy of insecticides is often determined from apparent yield loses due to a target pest. However, pests can affect yields even when controls work as expected. Further, most pest populations are monitored through adult counts without procedures to assess dynamics of immature stages. Here, we propose a framework to assess the efficacy of control treatments from adult counts in non‐experimental setups based on the shifts in temporal patterns of adult emergence caused during the residual period of treatments applied to kill immatures. We use phenology models scaled to field counts to track the stage structure of pest populations across a season and produce reference population trajectories with and without the treatment. Field‐collected trajectories are then classified as with or without an effective control through a time‐sequential probability ratio test. The method was evaluated using pheromone trap captures of codling moth, Cydia pomonella, and four of the most widely implemented treatment programs in apple and pear orchards.RESULTSSimulations revealed that when field‐collected trajectories are classified as treated with a control, there is 70% chance that the treatment program is > 50% effective, or that the program is < 66% effective when field‐collected trajectories are classified as untreated, provided the trajectories are made of ≥ 15 pheromone traps.CONCLUSIONThis framework is a powerful, evidence‐based tool to optimize the selection of inputs and application protocols for pest control and could be applied to virtually any pest that can be sampled regularly and whose phenology can be modeled as a function of degree‐days. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
BACKGROUNDEfficacy of insecticides is often determined from apparent yield loses due to a target pest. However, pests can affect yields even when controls work as expected. Further, most pest populations are monitored through adult counts without procedures to assess dynamics of immature stages. Here, we propose a framework to assess the efficacy of control treatments from adult counts in non‐experimental setups based on the shifts in temporal patterns of adult emergence caused during the residual period of treatments applied to kill immatures. We use phenology models scaled to field counts to track the stage structure of pest populations across a season and produce reference population trajectories with and without the treatment. Field‐collected trajectories are then classified as with or without an effective control through a time‐sequential probability ratio test. The method was evaluated using pheromone trap captures of codling moth, Cydia pomonella, and four of the most widely implemented treatment programs in apple and pear orchards.RESULTSSimulations revealed that when field‐collected trajectories are classified as treated with a control, there is 70% chance that the treatment program is > 50% effective, or that the program is < 66% effective when field‐collected trajectories are classified as untreated, provided the trajectories are made of ≥ 15 pheromone traps.CONCLUSIONThis framework is a powerful, evidence‐based tool to optimize the selection of inputs and application protocols for pest control and could be applied to virtually any pest that can be sampled regularly and whose phenology can be modeled as a function of degree‐days. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is indigenous to South America. It has invaded several tomato-producing regions worldwide resulting from globalization of commerce and trade. T. absoluta is now considered one of the most devastating pests affecting tomato plants and fresh tomatoes. Although tomatoes are the primary host, T. absoluta can feed and develop on other solanaceous plants as well as plants from other botanical families, including 15 economically important crop species and weeds. Chemical control continues to be the primary management option, even in areas where T. absoluta is an invasive species. This occurs despite the well-documented effects of chemical insecticides on the environment and its low efficacy. In this article, we discuss the biology, ecology, and a more sustainable management for T. absoluta. The management plan includes periodic monitoring program to improve pest management strategies by detecting the presence or arrival of the pest in a given host plant, estimating population levels over time, and studying the distribution of the pest. Lastly, we discuss pest management from the perspective of Plantwise, an innovative global program which aims to contribute to increased food security, based on its implementation in Bolivia and Costa Rica. In both countries, plant clinics have been established to show farmers new ways of managing pests in a sustainable way while maintaining crop productivity. The implementation of the Plantwise program resulted in a reduction in pesticide use via incorporation of less toxic active ingredients and sustainable pest management strategies such as biological control. Plantwise has encouraged the use of cultural end ethological practices by smallholder farmers in participating countries.
Cet article propose une réflexion sur les apports des sciences économiques à l’analyse de la décision des utilisateurs d’outils numériques d’aide à la décision (OADs) pour l’optimisation des traitements phytosanitaires pour la protection des cultures. Il rappelle les facteurs économiques et comportementaux de l’utilisation des pesticides par les agriculteurs et analyse la façon dont ceux-ci mobilisent l’information et les préconisations fournies par les OADs en fonction de leurs attitudes face au risque, de leurs anticipations et de leurs croyances, notamment sur la fiabilité de l’OAD. L’évaluation économique ex ante des préférences des utilisateurs pour certaines caractéristiques des OADs et l’évaluation ex post de l’impact des OADs et de leur usage conduisent les autrices à proposer des pistes de recherche mobilisant les sciences économiques afin d’améliorer la conception des OADs pesticides.
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