Sampling statistics and considerations for single-shot analysis using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Carranza, Jorge E.; Hahn, David W.

doi:10.1016/s0584-8547(02)00007-1

Cited by 106 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Increasing input laser energy to 175 mJ/pulse, percent absorption increases only up to 76%. This so called 'saturation effect' has been observed previously by some other researchers [36,37]. They explained that, after sufficient energy is deposited for ionization, excess energy is used to enlarge the size of the plasma rather than increasing the plasma temperature or electron density.…”

Section: Optimization Of Instrumental Parameters For Hg-libsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Development of a continuous flow hydride generation laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic system: Determination of tin in aqueous environments

Ünal

Yalçın

2010

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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The design, construction and optimization studies of a continuous flow hydride generation laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic system, HG-LIBS, for the determination of tin in aqueous environments is presented. Optimization of the Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) signal with respect to carrier gas flow rate, analyte, acid (HCl) and reductant (NaBH 4 ) concentrations and flow rates was performed by using spectral emission intensity from the neutral Sn(I) line at 284.0 nm under atmospheric pressures. With flow rates of 5.0 mL/min for NaBH 4 and 2.5 mL/min for HCl, optimum NaBH 4 and HCl concentrations were determined as 2.0% (w/v) and 1.0% (v/v), respectively. The hydride generation efficiency of the system was tested for tin hydride, stannane (SnH 4 ), by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). It was found that higher than 99% of the analyte was released into the gaseous phase. Upon optimization, the minimum detectable Sn concentration was found as 0.3 mg/L in water samples. That corresponds to more than two orders of increase in sensitivity compared to methods that employ common sample introduction techniques in liquids analysis by LIBS. Over 90% recoveries were obtained from spiking experiments with river, tap and drinking water samples. Results illustrate potential use of the continuous flow HG-LIBS system for monitoring of Sn concentrations in aqueous environments.

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Section: Optimization Of Instrumental Parameters For Hg-libsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Development of a continuous flow hydride generation laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic system: Determination of tin in aqueous environments

Ünal

Yalçın

2010

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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“…Higher pulse energies have been shown to give better repeatability due to more stable plasma (Carranza and Hahn 2002). We surmise that using a smaller diameter collection needle and orienting the laser beam coaxially with the collection needle could further lead to reducing uncertainties.…”

Section: Precision and Accuracy Of Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 95%

New Approach for Near-Real-Time Measurement of Elemental Composition of Aerosol Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Diwakar

Kulkarni

Birch

2012

Aerosol Science and Technology

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A new approach has been developed for making near-real-time measurement of elemental composition of aerosols using plasma spectroscopy. The method allows preconcentration of miniscule particle mass (pg to ng) directly from the sampled aerosol stream through electrostatic deposition of charged particles (30-900 nm) onto a flat-tip microneedle electrode. The collected material is subsequently ablated from the electrode and monitored by laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy. Atomic emission spectra were collected using a broadband spectrometer with a wavelength range of 200-980 nm. A single-sensor delay time of 1.3 µs was used in the spectrometer for all elements to allow simultaneous measurement of multiple elements. The system was calibrated for various elements including Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Na, and Ti. The absolute mass detection limits for these elements were experimentally determined and found to be in the range of 0.018-5 ng. The electrostatic collection technique has many advantages over other substrate-based methods involving aerosol collection on a filter or its focused deposition using an aerodynamic lens. Because the particle mass is collected over a very small area that is smaller than the spatial extent of the laser-induced plasma, the entire mass is available for analysis. This considerably improves reliability of the calibration and enhances measurement accuracy and precision. Further, the aerosol collection technique involves very low pressure drop, thereby allowing higher sample flow rates with much smaller pumps-a desirable feature for portable instrumentation. Higher flow rates also make it feasible to measure trace element concentrations at part per trillion levels. Detection limits in the range of 18-670 ng m −3 can be achieved for most of the elements studied at a flow rate of 1.5 L min −1 with sampling times of 5 min.

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“…It also permits averaging of multiple spectra for a series of laser pulses, one spectrum for each laser pulse, to compensate pulse-to-pulse variations, frequently seen in LIBS. 160 The delay time is controlled by the electronics already present in the detecting devices or by a separate delay generator. 107,137,156 In both cases, counting of the delay time is initiated by a trigger pulse generated either by the laser source or by an additional detector, such as a fast photodiode, disposed to detect the laser radiation, 81,92 or the initial plasma formation.…”

Section: Detecting Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Pasquini¹,

Cortez²,

Silva³

et al. 2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

342

195

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Esta revisão descreve os aspectos fundamentais, a instrumentação, as aplicações e tendências futuras de uma técnica analítica que se encontra em seu estágio de consolidação e que está em vias de estabelecer o seu nicho entre as técnicas espectrofotométricas modernas. A técnica é denominada Espectroscopia de Emissão em Plasma Induzido por Laser (em inglês, Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, LIBS) e sua principal característica está no uso de pulsos de laser como fonte de energia para vaporizar a amostra e excitar a emissão de radiação eletromagnética, a partir de seus elementos e/ou fragmentos moleculares. A radiação emitida é analisada por meio de instrumentos ópticos de alta resolução e as suas intensidades são medidas, usualmente com detectores rápidos de estado sólido. Em conjunto, esses dispositivos permitem a geração e a medida de um espectro de emissão de faixa ampla do fenômeno induzido pelo pulso de laser. O espectro registrado contém informação qualitativa e quantitativa que pode ser correlacionada com a identidade da amostra ou empregada na determinação da quantidade de seus constituintes. Essa revisão é dividida em quatro partes. A primeira aborda aspectos históricos da técnica e os conceitos teóricos relevantes associados com LIBS; então, os aspectos práticos de diversas abordagens experimentais e instrumentais empregadas na implementação da técnica são revistos de forma crítica; as aplicações encontradas na literatura, incluindo aquelas que empregam quimiometria, são classificadas e exemplificadas por meio de trabalhos relevantes recentemente publicados. Finalmente, uma tentativa de estabelecer uma avaliação global e as perspectivas futuras para a técnica é apresentada.This review describes the fundamentals, instrumentation, applications and future trends of an analytical technique that is in its early stages of consolidation and is establishing its definitive niches among modern spectrometric techniques. The technique has been named Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and its main characteristic stands in the use of short laser pulses as the energy source to vaporize samples and excite the emission of electromagnetic radiation from its elements and/or molecular fragments. The emitted radiation is analyzed by high resolution optics and the intensities are recorded, usually by fast triggered solid state detectors. Together, these devices allow producing and registering a wide ranging emission spectrum of the short-lived phenomenon induced by the laser pulse. The spectrum contains qualitative and quantitative information which can be correlated with sample identity or can be used to determine the amount of its constituents. This review is divided in four parts. First, the relevant historical and theoretical concepts associated with LIBS are presented; then the main practical aspects of the several experimental and instrumental approaches employed for implementation of the technique are critically described; the applications related in the literature, including those making use of chemometri...

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Sampling statistics and considerations for single-shot analysis using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Cited by 106 publications

References 29 publications

Development of a continuous flow hydride generation laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic system: Determination of tin in aqueous environments

Development of a continuous flow hydride generation laser-induced breakdown spectroscopic system: Determination of tin in aqueous environments

New Approach for Near-Real-Time Measurement of Elemental Composition of Aerosol Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

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