San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang Constituents Exert Drug-Drug Interaction of Mutual Reinforcement at Both Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetic Level: A Review

Abstract

Inflammatory disorders underlie varieties of human diseases. San-Huang-Xie-xin-Tang (SHXXT), composed with Rhizoma Rhei (Rheum palmatum L.), Rhizoma Coptidis (Coptis chinensis Franch), and Radix Scutellaria (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi), is a famous formula which has been widely used in the fight against inflammatory abnormalities. Mutual reinforcement is one of the basic theories of traditional Chinese medicine. Here this article reviewed and analyzed the recent research on (1) How the main constituents of SHXXT impact on inflammation-associated signaling pathway molecules. (2) The interaction between the main constituents and efflux pumps or intestinal transporters. The goal of this work was to, (1) Provide evidence to support the theory of mutual reinforcement. (2) Clarify the key targets of SHXXT and suggest which targets need further investigation. (3) Give advice for the clinical use of SHXXT to elevated the absorption of main constituents and eventually promote oral bioavailability. We search literatures in scientific databases with key words of “each main SHXXT constituent,” in combination with “each main inflammatory pathway target molecule” or each main intestinal transporter, respectively. We report the effect of five main constituents on target molecules which lies in three main inflammatory signaling pathways, we as well investigate the interaction between constituents and intestinal transporter. We conclude, (1) The synergistic effect of constituents at both levels confirm the mutual reinforcement theory of TCM as it is proven in this work. (2) The effect of main constituents on downstream targets in nuclear need more further investigation. (3) Drug elevating the absorption of rhein, berberine and baicalein can be employed to promote oral bioavailability of SHXXT.

WITHDRAWN: Network Pharmacology-based to Investigate Pharmacological Mechanisms of Active Ingredients in Gegen Qinlian Pill to Ameliorate Irinotecan-induced Diarrhea

“…Therefore, activation of the Nrf2-dependent anti-oxidative response is a promising strategy in gut toxicity treatment. By the way, the MAPK signalling pathway [37] is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration; these pathways promote cell growth and are capable of activating other protein kinases as well as transcription factors [38]. MAPK signalling also promotes the expression and release of various pro-in ammatory cytokines such as TNFα, IL-1β, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) [39,40].…”

Therapeutic Emergence of Rhein as a Potential Anticancer Drug: A Review of Its Molecular Targets and Anticancer Properties

“…In a clinical study on 312 patients, the alcoholic extracts of rhubarb showed a significant effect in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcer bleeding [76]. Another traditional Chinese medicine, San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang (SHXXT), composed of three herbs, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (Rheum palmatum L.), Radix scutellaria (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi), and Rhizoma coptidis (Coptis chinensis Franch), was shown to be involved in attenuating inflammation of the airways, colon, and blood vessels [77]. The Banxia Xiexin Decoction (BXD), one of its active components being rhein, is prescribed to ease various inflammatory disorders like gastritis and upper airway inflammation [78].…”

Rhizoma coptidis as a Potential Treatment Agent for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Underlying Mechanisms: A Review

“…RC and its processed products Jiu-huanglian have been used against diabetes in China for more than 1,400 years (Zhou et al, 2008; Wang et al, 2014). Many famous formulas containing RC, such as San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang (Wu et al, 2016), and Jiao-Tai-Wan (Chen et al, 2013a), have also been shown to exert therapeutic effects on T2DM. More than 100 chemical constituents have been identified in RC.…”