Sanctions on Iran and their impact on child health*

Madani-Lavassani, Yasmin

doi:10.1080/13623699.2020.1848582

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Three papers aimed to identify the strategies for improving Iran's health system performance to cope with sanctions 17,40,41 . However, five studies aimed to identify the effects of sanctions on Iran's health system and the suitable strategies to improve Iran's health system performance in response to sanctions 16–18,42,43 . Five other papers were reviews, 15–19 and the rest (=22) were original studies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1 presents an overview of studies that analysed the impacts of sanctions on Iran's health sector and the health system. Sanctions have had adverse effects on Iranian health, for example, mortality rates, 16,23,24 the severity of illnesses, 26,32 mental health, 15,17 and child health 18 . Moreover, sanctions may not have short‐term effects on the Iranian health status, 23 depending on the country health system's resilience.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, we identified 32 strategies to improve Iran's health system performance in response to sanctions. Most of these strategies (%60) concerned the health system governance, [16][17][18]40,41,43 whereas nearly %28 of them focussed on the health service delivery arrangement, 16,17,41,42 and %12 of them concerned health financing. 17,40,41…”

Section: Strategies For Health System Resilience To Sanctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few reviews have identified the humanitarian effects of sanctions on the rights of Iranians to health 16 and summarised the effects of sanctions on public health in Iran. 15,[17][18][19] However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the exact impact of sanctions on Iran's public health and health system performance. Therefore, the current review was conducted to synthesise the results of earlier studies, analyse the effects of international economic sanctions on the Iran health system performance, and identify strategies implemented or suggested for making the Iran health system resilient to economic sanctions.…”

Section: Highlights Our Recent Review Of the Effects Of International...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The human cost of economic sanctions and strategies for building health system resilience: A scoping review of studies in Iran

Sajadi

Yahyaei

Ehsani‐Chimeh

et al. 2023

Health Planning & Management

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ObjectivesThis review aimed to analyse the impacts of international economic sanctions on the overall health status of Iranians and the health system performance of Iran, in addition to identifying effective strategies for making the health system resilient to sanctions.Study designA scoping review.MethodsThree databases and grey literature were reviewed, and additional papers were identified in the lists of references. Two authors reviewed papers to check duplications and screen through inclusion/exclusion criteria. Furthermore, a narrative approach was employed to synthesise the findings.ResultsGiven overall health impacts, economic sanctions are believed to have adverse effects on Iranian's health and cause significant financial hardships in accessing healthcare services. These hardships mostly affect those in marginalised and vulnerable groups. Economic sanctions degrade Iran's health system by negatively impacting health services' availability. The detrimental effects of sanctions on economic and social circumstances were also documented. Economic sanctions could also adversely affect health research and education. Most strategies identified for health system resilience to sanctions are related to the health system governance.ConclusionsEven if essential medicines and supplies are exempted from the sanction regime, the impact of economic sanctions on public health is unavoidable. The quantification of the effect economic sanctions on different health‐related areas needs by further research. The measures identified for dealing with sanction can be considered in other countries but more work is needed to explore how health of people can be resilient against negative consequences of sanctions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Strategies For Health System Resilience To Sanctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Highlights Our Recent Review Of the Effects Of International...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The human cost of economic sanctions and strategies for building health system resilience: A scoping review of studies in Iran

Sajadi

Yahyaei

Ehsani‐Chimeh

et al. 2023

Health Planning & Management

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“…These results were expected due to the extreme changes in economic indicators after the sanctions. Similar studies have also investigated the effects of sanctions on the Iranian population in areas such as public health and welfare of the people (10,11,15,16), and health systems and services (17)(18)(19), But to our knowledge, no study has been found that examines the negative effects of sanctions on pregnant mothers and fetal development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Post-Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action Sanctions on the Nutritional Status and Food Security of Pregnant Women and Their Families (2017-2020)

Gohari

Khosravi

Jamali

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background & Objective: Sanctions against a country could be a shock to the country's economy for a specific period. Iran has been subject to various sanctions for the past 40 years, and these sanctions have been intensified since 2011. Unprecedented sanctions were imposed on Iranians after the United States withdrew from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) agreement, and a disastrous economic situation is the outcome of this international issue. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of this situation on the nutritional status and food security of pregnant women and their families.Materials and Methods: Data were collected using questionnaires of SINA electronic health record system (SINAEHR®) for 19 comprehensive health centers in Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Data were collected using the census method, and 266,182 pregnant women were investigated. Data analysis was performed using Generalized Estimation Equations (GEE). Results: Weight gain during pregnancy (P<0.001) and birth weight of the newborns (P<0.047) significantly decreased during the sanctions. Conclusion: According to the results, there has been a significant reduction in the two variables of weight gain in pregnant women and newborns birth weight, which confirms the debilitative effects of sanctions on the nutritional status and health of pregnant women and infants in Iran.

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Health system to response to economic sanctions: global evidence and lesson learned from Iran

Sajadi

Majdzadeh

2022

Global Health

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Background Sanctions have direct and indirect impacts on people’s lives. Therefore, the health systems of countries targeted by sanctions must respond effectively. This study proposes a set of mitigating measures and response strategies to improve the health systems of countries under sanctions. Methods This three-stage study was conducted in Iran within the 2020–2021 period, in which a rapid review of evidence was carried out to identify the measures implemented or proposed to make the health system resilient in confronting sanctions. A qualitative approach was then adopted to determine how the health system could be improved to response to sanctions from the perspectives of 10 key experts. Semi-structured interviews and document analysis were conducted for data collection. Finally, a two-round Delphi technique was employed to help eleven experts reach a consensus on a set of mitigating measures, which were then prioritized. Results In this research, 62 proposed or implemented mitigating measures were extracted from 13 eligible studies to improve the health system performance in confronting sanctions. Moreover, 18 measures were identified in interviews for a better health system response to sanctions. They were then classified as five categories: sustained financing, good governance, integrated and updated health information systems, qualified workforce, and efficient and equitable service delivery. In the first Delphi round, 28 mitigating measures were discovered. Nine measures were identified as more effective and feasible in both short and long runs. They were introduced as below: conducting proactive inventory control, developing the nationally essential list of medicines, providing additional clarification that oil revenues can be freely used for medicines procurement, defining tailored health service packages for vulnerable populations, establishing and enhancing an efficient surveillance system, reducing prices of imported medicines, developing dual policies of equity and priority for vulnerable groups, institutionalizing fair and effective resource allocations, and providing clinical guidelines. Conclusions According to the findings, the most critical areas for the resilience of a health system in confronting sanctions include strengthening particular components of governance, improving efficiency, and caring for vulnerable populations. The experts collectively emphasized investment in domestic capacities, public participation, and health diplomacy. Despite the proposed measures, it is unclear how effective these are and, especially whether they can significantly affect the harsh impacts of sanctions on health. Moreover, intensive and long-term sanctions have significant irreversible outcomes that cannot be reversed easily or quickly.

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Sanctions on Iran and their impact on child health*

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

The human cost of economic sanctions and strategies for building health system resilience: A scoping review of studies in Iran

The human cost of economic sanctions and strategies for building health system resilience: A scoping review of studies in Iran

Effects of Post-Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action Sanctions on the Nutritional Status and Food Security of Pregnant Women and Their Families (2017-2020)

Health system to response to economic sanctions: global evidence and lesson learned from Iran

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