Sand as a friction coefficient improver on asphalt ice layers

Abstract

After the formation of black ice on asphalt roads at temperatures close to 0 °C and below, the probability of car accidents is higher enough to be considered as a danger. So, it is important to understand the friction mechanisms between the ice and rubber-like material for improving tyres technology and safety procedures of driving on icy roads. This work aims to study the increase of friction coefficient on ice layers made onto the top of an asphalt section by adding sand with two different grain sizes as a friction coefficient improver using a pendulum skid tester in the laboratory. The test results show the lowest friction coefficients in the presence of ice. However, by adding sand on the asphalt ice layer, the friction coefficients are recovered showing some differences by testing the two different grain sizes.

Assessment of Runway Surface Conditions by British Pendulum Testing under the Global Reporting Format Winter Conditions

“…Therefore, this can be considered the safest runway condition. This value is much lower than those available in the literature [24,25,27]. This is explained well by the difference between the surface's macro-and microtexture.…”

“…This is explained well by the difference between the surface's macro-and microtexture. The pavement tested is less coarse than those used in other research [25,27].…”

“…The most relevant method used to evaluate the skid resistance of pavements and runways is based on their microtexture, and hence their frictional properties can be assessed using the BPT [23][24][25][26][27][28]. Thanks to its light weight, the BPT is portable and does not necessitate surface preparation or external energy [23].…”

“…Finally, in the anti-icing mode, the chemical de-icer is applied before exposure to ice which contradicts the literature facts, suggesting that de-icers should be applied after exposure to ice. Based on a recent literature survey on the BPT, there is no work that includes the use of different winter contaminants in conjunction with common runway de-icing products [25][26][27][28].…”