Sand Penetration: A Near Nose Investigation of a Sand Penetration Event

Vooren, Andrew Van; Borg, John P.; Sandusky, H. W.; Felts, Joshua

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2013.05.069

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Several issues remain related to the modelling of each of these phenomena. In front of the projectile, some of the particles crushed to fine sand may form a compacted plug while others are dispersed to the wake as was observed in the present experiments and by other authors as well [15,33]. In the calculations, it was assumed that the crushed material forms a hemispherical nose to the projectile and the kinetic energy of transferred to the material in the nose is not lost from the system.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…One of the primary assumptions in the model was that the penetrated material is crushed and compacted exclusively in front of the projectile. This assumption is based on the reported observations of a compaction front independent of the projectile velocity and a damage front in the nose region of the projectile [8,15,33]. This feature was included in the model by assuming a constant initial volume for the compacted region and the volume change was controlled by the amount of the projectile displacement within the time increment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The crushing and compaction model adapted in this work is motivated based on the experimental observations of a subsonic compaction and damage front located in front of the projectile reported for granular sand in Ref. [33]. In the reference, a constant velocity was given for the compaction wave that arranges the granules into a denser state in front of the projectile.…”

Section: Compaction and Friction Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling of Projectile Penetration into Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate

Kuutti

2016

J. dynamic behavior mater.

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This work presents a phenomenological model for estimating projectile penetration into granular lightweight expanded clay aggregate often known as Lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA). Laboratory scale penetration experiments in the low-velocity regime performed using LECA are presented. A penetration model based on the mass and momentum balances is proposed and the model parameters are derived from the physical behaviour of the penetrated material. It was found that the penetration behaviour predicted by the model agrees reasonably well with the experimental results for three cases studied in detail in terms of projectile deceleration during the penetration and the final penetration depth as well as for the other cases for which only measured penetration depths were available. Although the proposed model results correspond well with the experiments, further validation and more detailed modelling of the dynamic effects of the assumed deformation mechanisms of the penetrated material are needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Compaction and Friction Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling of Projectile Penetration into Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate

Kuutti

2016

J. dynamic behavior mater.

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“…The granular nature of sand, its recycling capability combined with its complex interaction dynamics creates unique physical capabilities. The mixture of sand with other construction materials for example, creates important characteristics suitable for several mechanical and construction applications [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. This phenomenon has been studied here as an alternative to achieve the goal of bullet fragmentation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Bullet Fragmentation and Penetration in Granular Media

et al. 2020

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The aim of this work is to simulate the fragmentation of bullets impacted through granular media, in this case, sand. In order to validate the simulation, a group of experiments were conducted with the sand contained in two different box prototypes. The walls of the first box were constructed with fiberglass and the second with plywood. The prototypes were subjected to the impact force of bullets fired 15 m away from the box. After the shots, X-ray photographs were taken to observe the penetration depth. Transient numerical analyses were conducted to simulate these physical phenomena by using the smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) module of ANSYS® 2019 AUTODYN software. Advantageously, this module considers the granular media as a group of uniform particles capable of transferring kinetic energy during the elastic collision component of an impact. The experimental results demonstrated a reduction in the maximum bullet kinetic energy of 2750 J to 100 J in 0.8 ms. The numerical results compared with the X-ray photographs showed similar results demonstrating the capability of sand to dissipate kinetic energy and the fragmentation of the bullet caused at the moment of impact.

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“…Thus, it is necessary to study it further using other methods. Projectile penetrating into sand or sand-like soil is a localized phenomenon that the kinetic energy of projectile is dissipated into deformation and failure of target [5,6]. To investigate the issue, empirical (semiempirical, phenomenological) models and analytical models were used [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projectile Penetration into Sandy Soil Confined by a Honeycomb-Like Structure

Luo

Shi

Chen

et al. 2017

Shock and Vibration

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HPS (Honeycomb-like Protective Structure) is a newly proposed protective structure filled with sandy soil. In order to investigate the penetration resistance of the structure, numerical simulations based on SPH method had been carried out by using LS-DYNA, which are corresponding to the experiments. The calibrated model leads to reasonable predictions of the dynamic responses and damage modes of the HPS. More situations were carried out taking factors influencing the penetration into consideration, including point of impact, angle of impact, and projectile caliber. Penetration mode was established by analyzing the energy dissipation and investigating the mechanism from the phenomenological viewpoint. Simulation results show that the resisting forces and the torque that act on the long rod projectile would be greater than those acting on the short one when instability occurred. Besides, approximate 45 ∘ angle of impact was formed in the case of off-axis, which has a certain influence on the ballistic stability, resulting in more kinetic energy of projectile dissipating in HPS and less depth of penetration. The kinetic energy of projectile dissipated in sandy soil largely and the strip slightly, and the former was greater than the sum of the latter.

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Sand Penetration: A Near Nose Investigation of a Sand Penetration Event

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Modelling of Projectile Penetration into Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate

Modelling of Projectile Penetration into Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate

Simulation of Bullet Fragmentation and Penetration in Granular Media

Projectile Penetration into Sandy Soil Confined by a Honeycomb-Like Structure

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