Sand urbanism in Bangladesh transitions of sand extraction and trade in Dhaka-Narayanganj

Economic value and environmental impact of Saddang River sand mining, Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

“…This amount can be the average volume of extraction that is permitted production to maintain a balance of production volume with the rate of sediment refilling to protect the river from physical and ecological damage due to over-exploitation (Anh et al, 2022;Juez and Franca, 2022;Rentier and Cammeraat, 2022;Bendixen et al, 2023;Latif et al, 2023) The growth in the number of miners and the large production volume is not only caused by the increasing demand for sand material, it is also caused by the high rate of erosion and sedimentation of the Saddang River as well as the ease of access to enter the mining area, making it easier to transport sand material (Haghnazar and Saneie, 2019;Hackney et al, 2020;Christina and Bert 2023;). Sand has become a very important mineral, needed by society on a wide scale, for example, to mix reinforced concrete cement aggregates for the modern construction sector, building roads, bridges, dams, housing, and so on (Basavarajappa et al, 2014;Rahman and Suykens, 2023). The abundant reserves of sand and gravel resources due to erosion and sedimentation from upstream areas, as well as easy access to transportation, most of the sand and gravel mining is carried out in river basins (Haghnazar and Saneie, 2019;Magnus, 2023).…”

“…River sand mining can have a positive impact in the form of opening jobs and absorbing labor, growing business opportunities for local communities, and providing income for the region as a source of Regional Government Revenue (Suherman et al, 2015;Magnus, 2023;Rahman and Suykens, 2023). Sand mining is very important for the economies of various countries and provides economic benefits for the country and society, especially in developing countries (Ashraf et al, 2011;Da and Billon, 2022;Asare et al, 2023;Magnus, 2023;Rousseau and Marschke, 2023).…”