Sanguiins—Promising Molecules with Broad Biological Potential

Abstract

Compounds of natural origin, an infinite treasure of bioactive chemical entities, persist as an inexhaustible resource for discovering new medicines. In this review, we summarize the naturally occurring ellagitannins, sanguiins, which are bioactive constituents of various traditional medicinal plants, especially from the Rosaceae family. In-depth studies of sanguiin H-6 as an antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and osteoclastogenesis inhibitory agent have led to potent drug candidates. In addition, recently, virtual screening studies have suggested that sanguiin H-6 might increase resistance toward SARS-CoV-2 in the early stages of infection. Further experimental investigations on ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) supplemented with molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation are still needed to fully understand sanguiins’ mechanism of action. In sum, sanguiins appear to be promising compounds for additional studies, especially for their application in therapies for a multitude of common and debilitating ailments.

Anticancer potential of acetone extracts from selected Potentilla species against human colorectal cancer cells

“…Ellagitannins are plant secondary metabolites that tend to form relatively high molecular weight dimers and oligomers, ranging from 300 to 20,000 Da. Plants from the Rosaceae family accumulate a series of oligomeric, macrocyclic oligomeric, and C -glycosidic ellagitannins that can be used as chemophenetic markers ( Grochowski et al, 2017 ; Gesek et al, 2021 ). On several occasions the presence of dimeric ellagitannin - agrimoniin in aerial parts of Potentilla species, in particular P. anserina and P. kleiniana, P. recta , have been reported ( Okuda et al, 1982 ; Fecka, 2009 ; Bazylko et al, 2013 ).…”

Selected Seeds as Sources of Bioactive Compounds with Diverse Biological Activities

“…Polyphenols and their four main categories: flavonoids, phenolic acids, lignans, and stilbenes are among the most well-known phytochemicals [ 1 , 9 , 23 ]. They are best-known for their antioxidant properties, but the range of their activity is much wider [ 2 , 23 ]. Many pre-clinical and clinical (both observational and intervention) studies have suggested, that increased intake of phenolic compounds is related to a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ].…”

“…For example, sanguiin H-6 is a hydrolyzable tannin abundant in blackberry seeds. It shows a wide array of biological activities, including antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumor, anti-angiogenic, estrogenic, and anti-osteoclastogenic [ 2 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ]. Condensed tannins are oligomers or polymers of flavan-3-ol linked through an interflavan carbon bond.…”

“…Sanguiin H-6 is an ellagitannin displaying a wide array of biological effects, found mainly in berries, including blackberry and black raspberry. Apart from its ability to protect DNA from mitomycin C-induced damage, Sanguiin H-6 was reported to have antioxidant, antibacterial, antitumor, anti-angiogenic, estrogenic, and anti-osteoclastogenic activity [ 2 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ]. It could protect rat renal mitochondria from oxidative damage induced by peroxynitrite, decreasing the number of apoptotic cells, and reducing caspase-3 activity by 72% [ 89 ].…”

“…Plant-derived bioactive compounds are often investigated for their health-promoting properties [ 1 ]. Many currently used pharmacological drugs are either plant-derived or synthetic derivatives of plant-derived substances [ 2 ]. Some phytochemicals were observed to have similarly potent effects as their currently used pharmaceutical counterparts while having a superior safety profile and fewer side effects, which makes them potential candidates for drug development [ 3 ].…”