At the present time, arthroscopic ACL reconstruction is one of the most common surgical procedures in sports medicine. Every year, only in Sweden, approximately 4,000 procedures are performed according to the Swedish National ACL Register (www.aclregister. nu). After the introduction of the arthroscopic technique and the opportunity to perform reproducible replacements of the ruptured ACL, the results in terms of restored laxity and a return to sports activities have generally been found to be good. However, persistent donor-site morbidity such as tenderness, anterior knee pain, disturbance in anterior knee sensitivity and the inability to kneel and knee-walk is still a problem and is present in approximately 40-60%, of patients who have undergone arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using patellar tendon autografts [44]. Despite efforts to utilize synthetic materials [21] and allografts [36], the use of autografts probably remains the best option for the replacement of the torn ACL. Common autograft alternatives for reconstruction or augmentation of the ACL include the use of the hamstring tendons [11], the patellar tendon [22] and the quadriceps tendon [18, 32].The amount of information about the donor site after the use of patellar tendon autografts is fairly extensive. Recently the amount of information about donor-site problems following the use of hamstring autografts has increased. The information describing the problems, which can occur after ACL reconstruction using quadriceps tendon autografts, has also increased recently.The purpose of this work is to give an overview of the clinical, radiographic, histological, ultrastructural and biochemical aspects of the donor site and its problems after ACL reconstruction using patellar tendon, hamstring tendon and quadriceps tendon autografts.
Postoperative Restriction in Range of Motion and Loss of StrengthThere appears to be agreement in the literature that the restoration of full extension compared with the noninjured side after ACL reconstruction is essential in order