Saponin-Derived Silver Nanoparticles from Phoenix dactylifera (Ajwa Dates) Exhibit Broad-Spectrum Bioactivities Combating Bacterial Infections

Abstract

The emergence of antibiotic resistance poses a serious threat to humankind, emphasizing the need for alternative antimicrobial agents. This study focuses on investigating the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-quorum-sensing (anti-QS) activities of saponin-derived silver nanoparticles (AgNPs-S) obtained from Ajwa dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.). The design and synthesis of these novel nanoparticles were explored in the context of developing alternative strategies to combat bacterial infections. The Ajwa date saponin extract was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent to synthesize AgNPs-S, which was characterized using various analytical techniques, including UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The biosynthesized AgNPs-S exhibited potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria due to their capability to disrupt bacterial cell membranes and the leakage of nucleic acid and protein contents. The AgNPs-S effectively inhibited biofilm formation and quorum-sensing (QS) activity by interfering with QS signaling molecules, which play a pivotal role in bacterial virulence and pathogenicity. Furthermore, the AgNPs-S demonstrated significant antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and cytotoxicity against small lung cancer cells (A549 cells). Overall, the findings of the present study provide valuable insights into the potential use of these nanoparticles as alternative therapeutic agents for the design and development of novel antibiotics. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the possible mechanism involved and safety concerns when it is used in vivo, paving the way for future therapeutic applications in combating bacterial infections and overcoming antibiotic resistance.

Enhanced Biocidal Activity of Heterophase Zinc Oxide/Silver Nanoparticles Contained within Painted Surfaces

“…The presence of nanosized metallic silver on the NP surface seriously affected mitochondrial electron transport, phagocytosis, autophagy, organelle integrity, and organization [40]. Bacterial proteins and enzymes can be denatured, aggregated, or inhibited by AgNPs [41]. In addition, Ag has been shown to inactivate both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.…”

Natural Bioactive Compounds in the Management of Periodontal Diseases: A Comprehensive Review

“…Saponins also interfere with bacterial adherence to surfaces and the extracellular matrix production necessary for biofilm formation. They can disrupt established biofilms by penetrating the biofilm matrix and causing microbial cell death within the structure [69].…”