Saponin extract of Baihe - Zhimu Tang ameliorates depression in chronic mild stress rats

Jia, Dan; Dou, Yonghui; He, Yongshi; Zhou, Xinxin; Gao, Ying; Ma, Min; Wu, Zhengzhi; Li, Weimin

doi:10.1016/j.jff.2020.103905

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…A total of 21 animal experiments ,,− were enrolled in our meta-analysis. The enrolled studies were published from 2008 to 2020, where the study subjects of 13 studies were rats and that of 8 studies were mice, including a total of 616 rats or mice.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baihe Extracts Reduce the Activation and Apoptosis of Microglia in the Hippocampus of Mice with Depression-like Behaviors by Downregulating MYC

Shuang

Liu

et al. 2022

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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The purpose of our investigation is to identify the potential effects and key molecular targets of Baihe extracts in depression treatment. Network meta-analysis was applied for the synthesis of efficacy outcomes of fluoxetine and three traditional Chinese medicine Baihe prescriptions in depression. Depression-related target genes were screened using "GeneCards" database and "Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD)". The major active components and targets of Baihe were screened using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. The identified depression-related genes and the target genes of Baihe were intersected, an interaction network was constructed using the "String" database, and key target genes were determined based on their degree value. Functional enrichment analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) profiles was performed using the "ClusterProfiler" R package. A mouse model with depression-like behaviors was constructed to verify the putative roles of the in silico identified key genes. Microglia were isolated from the mouse hippocampus, and the effects of Baihe extract-containing serum on microglia activation and apoptosis by targeting the key genes were examined in vitro. The meta-analysis results revealed no obvious differences in depression treatment efficacy between fluoxetine and the three Baihe prescriptions, suggesting Baihe extracts as a safe and effective alternative treatment for depression. Using network pharmacology and bioinformatics analysis, Baihe extracts were found to modulate depression by regulating 15 key genes, with MYC as the key gene. Subsequent animal experiments demonstrated that Baihe extracts reduced depression-related behavior, microglial activation, and inflammatory mediator release in mice by inhibiting MYC. Serum containing Baihe extracts could inhibit the activation of microglia and the release of inflammatory mediators by downregulating MYC. In summary, Baihe extracts were found to diminish MYC expression to reduce microglial activation and inflammatory factor release, thereby exerting antidepressant effects.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Baihe Extracts Reduce the Activation and Apoptosis of Microglia in the Hippocampus of Mice with Depression-like Behaviors by Downregulating MYC

Shuang

Liu

et al. 2022

ACS Chem. Neurosci.

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“…Following that, the brain supernatant was collected and processed according to neurotransmitter guidelines. 10 Dopamine was determined using the Rat Dopamine (DA) ELISA Kit provided by CUSAPIO using the technique described by Jia et al 11 Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) was measured using the Rat Acetylcholine Esterase (AChE) ELISA Kit provided by CUSAPIO and the technique outlined by Ellman et al 12 Glutamate was determined using BioAssay Systems’ EnzyChromTM Glutamate Assay Kit (EGLT-100) using the method given by Matsumura and Miyachi. 13 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hesperidin Attenuates Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats by Regulating Nrf-2/TNF-α Signaling Pathway, the Suppression of Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation

Eid,

Ghaleb,

Zaki

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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Background: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) are widely utilized and consumed mainly as food additives. Oxidative stress is considered to be the basic effect of TiO2NPs through biological interactions. Hesperidin (HSP) is a bioflavonoid (flavanone glycoside) with lipid-lowering, inflammation, oxidative stress suppression, antihypertensive, cancer-fighting, and antiedema effects. Objective: This study was to investigate the possible protective influences of HSP of subchronic oral TiO2NP exposure on the brains of rats, including neurotransmitters, oxidative stress/antioxidant parameters, inflammatory markers, and histological changes in the brains of adult male albino rats. Methodology: The experiment was executed on 80 albino rats. The animals were randomly divided into 4 equal groups. The first group served as a control; the second group was treated with oral doses of HSP (100 mg/kg Bw daily); the third group received TiO2NPs (200 mg/kg Bw orally daily); and the fourth group was treated with TiO2NPs and an oral dose of HSP daily for 8 weeks. Blood samples were obtained for biochemical analysis. Neurotransmitters, oxidative stress biomarker levels, and inflammatory markers were measured in brain homogenates. Histological examination of the brain was performed through H&E staining. Results: Coadministration of hesperidin with TiO2NPs orally for 8 weeks decreased the levels of MDA, TNF-α, AChE, and dopamine in brain homogenates, which were increased in the TiO2NP group. It increased the other oxidative biomarkers (SOD, CAT, and GPx) and Nrf-2 expression levels. Brain histological sections of the TiO2NP-treated group show degeneration, necrosis, congestion, and inflammatory cell infiltration that decreased markedly in the coadministration of hesperidin with the TiO2NP group. Conclusion: Hesperidin cotreatment offers significant protection against TiO2NP-induced oxidative stress and biochemical and histological alteration in the brain.

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“…Estimation of neurotransmitters: a. Estimation of GABA in brain homogenates: GABA was estimated using Rat GABA ELISA Kits supplied by Fine Test, Wuhan (Jeon et al, 2015). b. Estimation of Dopamine in brain homogenates: Dopamine was estimated using Rat Dopamine (DA) ELISA KIT supplied by CUSAPIO according to the method described by (Jia et al, 2020). c. Estimation of Noradrenaline in brain homogenates:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological and Neurotransmitter Changes in Albino Rats’ Brain after Consumption of Energy Drink in Egypt

Hassan,

Ghaleb,

Nabil

et al. 2023

Ain Shams Journal of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology

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Background: Energy drinks are carbonated non-alcoholic beverages, used during exercise and different sports for increasing physical strength and mental alertness. Recently they are widely used by different ages of male and female. Visits to the emergency department due to energy drinks consumption were doubled from 2007 to 2011. Most of Energy drinks have attractive names as to express the speed, power, and strength. Energy drinks have a lot of ingredients and some of them are not approved by the food and drug administration (FDA). Methods: A total of eighty adult albino rats were divided randomly into four groups (20 per each). Control group: not exposed to any treatment and received tap water. Second, third and fourth group received a dose of (3.8ml\100g) of body weight for 3 weeks orally of three different energy drinks brands available in Egyptian markets (Power horse, Red bull, Sting) respectively. Results: Our results concerning energy drinks effects on brain disclosed significant increase of stimulant neurotransmitters of norepinephrine and dopamine with significant decrease of inhibitory neurotransmitter of Gamma-aminobutyric acid in response to high dose of energy drinks, which were consistent with findings of histopathological examination that showed severe degenerative changes and necrosis of neural cells of the brain on the cerebral cortex and hippocampus neurons, indicating toxic effect of energy drinks on neurons of the brain. Conclusion: Energy drinks consumption in high dose had marked hyper stimulating toxic effects on brain stimulatory neurotransmitters and degeneration of neurons in different regions of the brain.

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Saponin extract of Baihe - Zhimu Tang ameliorates depression in chronic mild stress rats

Cited by 9 publications

References 68 publications

Baihe Extracts Reduce the Activation and Apoptosis of Microglia in the Hippocampus of Mice with Depression-like Behaviors by Downregulating MYC

Baihe Extracts Reduce the Activation and Apoptosis of Microglia in the Hippocampus of Mice with Depression-like Behaviors by Downregulating MYC

Hesperidin Attenuates Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats by Regulating Nrf-2/TNF-α Signaling Pathway, the Suppression of Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation

Histopathological and Neurotransmitter Changes in Albino Rats’ Brain after Consumption of Energy Drink in Egypt

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