Saponin‐rich extracts fromHolothuria leucospilotamediate lifespan extension and stress resistance inCaenorhabditis elegansviadaf‐16

Abstract

Saponins are secondary metabolite compounds that can be found in sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea spp.). However, little is known about how saponin‐rich extracts from Holothuria leucospilota can delay and prolong the lifespan of the whole organism. In this study, anti‐aging effects of H. leucospilota extracts were studied on Caenorhabditis elegans. NMR analysis revealed that body wall n‐butanol‐extract of H. leucospilota (BW‐BU) is saponin‐rich. BW‐BU extracts exhibited antioxidant activities by 2,2ʹ‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl assay (EC50 = 10.23 ± 0.12 mg/ml) and 2,2ʹ‐azino‐bis‐3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid assay (EC50 = 3.91 ± 0.04 mg/ml). BW‐BU extracts increased lifespan of L4 and L1 C. elegans (5.92% and 15.76%, respectively), which also increased worm growth, stress resistance, and reduced biomarkers for aging. BW‐BU extracts activated DAF‐16 nuclear localization and upregulated daf‐16 and DAF‐16 target genes expression. Taken together, this study revealed the evidences on anti‐aging activities of saponin‐rich extracts from H. leucospilota, which can extend lifespan of C. elegans via daf‐16. Practical applications In recent years, age‐associated chronic diseases have had a significant impact on quality of life. Many natural compounds exhibit anti‐aging activities, especially in sea cucumber, H. leucospilota. Our results indicated that H. leucospilota is good for health. Extracts from H. leucospilota contain a bioactive compound that can be potentially used to promote longevity and disease prevention in aging.

In Vivo and Clinical Studies of Sea Cucumber-Derived Bioactives for Human Health and Nutrition From 2012-2021

“…3.9.1 Water Extract Kitisin et al (2019) focused on the effect of sea cucumber extract on lifespan. In their research, a saponin-rich extract of Holothuria leucospilota increased the lifespan of C. elegans L4 and L1 at 5.92% and 15.76%, respectively, and significantly reduced the accumulation of lipofuscin, which is an ageing-biomarker.…”

Potential ofCaenorhabditis elegansas an antiaging evaluation model for dietary phytochemicals: A review

“…Hibiscus sabdariffa L. extract (HSE) and its main compound hydroxycitric acid increased the nuclear localization of DAF-16 and SKN-1, as well as protected against amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced toxicity, suggesting that the antiaging effect of HSE was dependent in a DAF-16 and SKN-1 (Koch, Weldle, Baier, Buchter, & Watjen, 2019). Meanwhile, echinacoside influenced longevity in C. elegans mainly by modulating the expression of daf-16 target genes, and a similar result was found in the body wall n-butanol extract of Holothuria leucospilota treatment (Kitisin, Suphamungmee, & Meemon, 2019;Wang et al, 2015). Astragalan, which targets DAF-16, prevented polyglutamine (polyQ) aggregation and alleviated polyQmediated neurotoxicity to prolong the adult lifespan of mutant worms exhibiting polyQ accumulation (Zhang et al, 2012).…”

Caenorhabditis elegans DAF-16 regulates lifespan and immune responses to Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii infections

“…As shortened host longevity upon cryptococcal infections, several host fitnesses were interrupted. Our recent study showed that elevation of intracellular oxidative stress could accelerates aging process and induces the accumulation of lipofuscin in C. elegans [ 48 ]. Moreover, previous study demonstrated an increased expression of SOD-3 in E. faecalis infected C. elegans , which was dependently associated with DAF-16 [ 27 ].…”

“…Caenorhabditis elegans strains used in this study were Bristol N2 (wild-type), AU1 sek-1(ag1) , TJ1052 age-1(hx546) , CF1038 daf-16(mu86) , VC8 jnk-1(gk7) , VC199 sir-2.1(ok434) , AM1 osr-1(rm1) , TJ356 zIs356 [daf-16p::daf-16a/b::GFP + rol-6(su1006)] , CF1553 muIs84 [(pAD76) sod-3p::GFP + rol-6(su1006)] , and IG348 fasn-1(fr8);frIs7[nlp-29p::gfp, col-12p::DsRed] . All worms were age‐synchronized using hypochlorite treatment of gravid hermaphrodites (500 μl of 1 M NaOH, 600 μl of 1 M NaClO, and 3.9 ml of distilled water) as previously described [ 48 ]. The first stage (L1) larvae were transferred into fresh nematode growth medium (NGM) plates and fed on live‐ Escherichia coli strain OP50 at 20 °C.…”

“…Yeast infected and control of wild-type N2 worms were used to determine the level of intestinal lipofuscin [ 48 ]. After 48 h post-infection, the level of lipofuscin intestinal autofluorescence was analyzed through a DAPI filter and quantified by ImageJ (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA) in each worm’s intestine, excluding head and tail regions.…”