Saponin rich Gypsophila eriocalyx Boiss methanolic extract (GEME) exhibit anticancerogenic effect against neuroblastoma cancer cell line (SH-SY5Y)

Abstract

Purpose: Herein, we sought to determine whether of saponin rich Gypsophila eriocalyx methanol extract (GEME) would exhibit any anti-carcinogenic activity on neuroblastoma cancer cell line (SH-SY5Y). 
 Materials and Methods: We therefore determined GEME’s saponin composition using LC-MS analysis, its impact on cell viability using MTT analysis, flow cytometry, and to find out its impact on apoptosis using qRT-PCR analysis. 
 Results: In the LC-MS analysis we determined that GEME contained high amounts of saponin (0.05-0.48 µg/g). We determined that GEME had an IC50 dose of 100 μg/mL at 48 hours. GEME had the effect of substantially increasing the percentage of apoptotic cells (5.19% and 65.21%) and disruption of mitochondria (46.18%). We also demonstrated that BCL2 gene expression (2.76 fold) was significantly reduced than that of the control while BAX (2.21 fold), CASP3 (2.43 fold), CASP7 (2.98 fold), CASP8 (2.23 fold), CASP9 (2.78 fold), and CYCS (2.12 fold) genes were expressed significantly higher than those of the control.
 Conclusion: Considering the findings, it becomes clear that saponin-rich GEME stands out as a significant anticarcinogenic agent. Its remarkable efficacy is demonstrated through its capabilities to notably reduce cell viability, effectively trigger apoptosis, and significantly increase the rate of mitochondrial disruption in cancer cells.