Saponin rich tropical fruits affect fermentation and methanogenesis in faunated and defaunated rumen fluid

Heß, Hans; Kreuzer, Michael; Díaz, Tito Efraín; Lascano, Carlos E.; Carulla, Juan E; Soliva, Carla R.; Machmüller, Andrea

doi:10.1016/s0377-8401(03)00212-8

Cited by 183 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

134

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, Wang et al (2000a) showed that microbial protein synthesis Effects and applications of phytochemicals increased at a low level of yucca saponin (15 mg/ml) but decreased at higher concentrations (75 mg/ml). Other in vitro studies using the RUSITEC system did not show any significant effect of yucca saponin (100 mg sarsaponin/kg feed) (Ś liwiń ski et al, 2002a and 2002b) or of sapindus saponins (Hess et al, 2003a) on microbial protein synthesis. At low concentrations, saponins from Panax ginseng and quillaja have been demonstrated to increase the growth of Escherichia coli (Sen et al, 1998a).…”

Section: Plants Containing Saponinsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Bioactivity of phytochemicals in some lesser-known plants and their effects and potential applications in livestock and aquaculture production systems

Makkar

Francis

Becker

2007

Animal

378

214

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Livestock and aquaculture production is under political and social pressure, especially in the European Union (EU), to decrease pollution and environmental damage arising due to animal agriculture. The EU has banned the use of antibiotics and other chemicals, which have been shown to be effective in promoting growth and reducing environment pollutants because of the risk caused to humans by chemical residues in food and by antibiotic resistance being passed on to human pathogens. As a result of this, scientists have intensified efforts in exploiting plants, plant extracts or natural plant compounds as potential natural alternatives for enhancing the livestock productivity. This paper discusses work on the effects of various phytochemicals and plant secondary metabolites in ruminant and fish species. The focus is on (i) plants such as Ananas comosus (pine apple), Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) and Azadirachta indica (neem) containing anthelmintic compounds and for their use for controlling internal parasites; (ii) plants containing polyphenols and their applications for protecting proteins from degradation in the rumen, increasing efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in rumen and decreasing methane emission; for using as antioxidants, antibacterial and antihelmintic agents; and for changing meat colour and for increasing n-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid in meat; (iii) saponin-rich plants such as quillaja, yucca and Sapindus saponaria for increasing the efficiency of rumen fermentation, decreasing methane emission and enhancing growth; for producing desired nutritional attributes such as lowering of cholesterol in monogastric animals; for increasing growth of fish (common carp and Nile tilapia) and for changing male to female ratio in tilapia; and for use as molluscicidal agents; (iv) Moringa oleifera leaves as a source of plant growth factor(s), antioxidants, beta-carotene, vitamin C, and various glucosinolates and their degraded products for possible use as antibacterial, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and antipest agents; (v) Jatropha curcas toxic variety with high levels of various phytochemicals such as trypsin inhibitor, lectin, phytate and phorbol esters in seeds limiting the use of seed meal in fish and livestock diets; and the use of phorbol esters as bio-pesticidal agent; and (vi) lesser-known legumes such as Entada phaseoloides seeds containing high levels of trypsin inhibitor and saponins, Sesbania aculeate seeds rich in non-starch polysaccharides and Mucuna pruriens var. utilis seeds rich in L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and their potential as fish feed; Cassia fistula seeds as a source of antioxidants; and the use of Canavalia ensiformis, C. gladiata and C. virosa seeds containing high levels of trypsin inhinitor, lectins and canavanine. The paper also presents some challenges and future areas of work in this field.

show abstract

Section: Plants Containing Saponinsmentioning

confidence: 85%

Bioactivity of phytochemicals in some lesser-known plants and their effects and potential applications in livestock and aquaculture production systems

Makkar

Francis

Becker

2007

Animal

378

214

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Their mechanisms of action are still unclear, however. Saponins affect methane production by reducing the protozoa count and suppressing the number and activity of methanogens (Hess et al, 2003). Also tannins may modulate ruminal fermentation via a direct effect on the protozoa population Cieslak et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An <i>in vitro</i> study on the effect of sage, <i>Salvia officinalis</i> L., on rumen fermentation

Zmora¹,

Cieślak²,

Pers‐Kamczyc³

et al. 2012

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dried leaves of Salvia officinalis L., a rich source of phytofactors, were evaluated for their effect on methane production, microbial population, and basic parameters of rumen fermentation in a batch culture system. A 400 mg mixture of meadow hay and barley meal at a ratio of 60:40 was used as the substrate. Dried leaves of Salvia officinalis L. were added to the substrate at six levels (4, 10, 20, 40, 100, and 200 mg). A wide range of dried Salvia officinalis L. leaves, in quantities even up to 50% of the substrate, was used to test the effect of increasing amounts of phytofactors in the investigated cultures, mostly on methane production. CH 4 production was significantly mitigated by supplementation with 200 mg of sage per incubation vessel. The supplement affected the protozoa and methanogen populations which indicates that methane emission is associated with these populations; in vitro dry matter digestibility decreased linearly, however. Although Salvia officinalis L. seems to be a plant for which there may be a use in ruminant nutrition and the presented results suggest that the optimal level of Salvia officinalis is between 100 and 200 mg, further investigations under long-term in vivo conditions are necessary, as are the determination of the optimum dose and the active agent.

show abstract

“…By contrast, a higher average CP concentration of the alpine meadows compared with the lowland diet ingested by the cow may have contributed to an improved microbial growth during the alpine grazing periods of the donor cow. In addition, bacterial counts might have been higher in the rumen fluid of alpine origin as a compensation for the concomitantly decreased protozoa, which are predators of bacteria (Hess et al, 2003). It is obvious that rumen bacteria got adapted to the TEP within the 70-day period of alpine grazing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This includes tannins among the phenolic compounds and especially saponins (Ś liwiń ski et al, 2002;Hess et al, 2003;Carulla et al, 2005). Another explanation for low protozoal counts is the low content of the alpine forages of easily digestible non-fiber carbohydrates, the nutrients preferred by the protozoa (Dijkstra, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of species-diverse high-alpine forage on in vitro ruminal fermentation when used as donor cow's feed or directly incubated

Khiaosa‐ard

Soliva

Kreuzer

et al. 2012

Animal

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alpine forages are assumed to have specific effects on ruminal digestion when fed to cattle. These effects were investigated in an experiment from two perspectives, either by using such forages as a substrate for incubation or as feed for a rumen fluid donor cow. In total, six 24-hin vitrobatch culture runs were performed. Rumen fluid was collected from a non-lactating donor cow after having grazed pastures at ∼2000 m above sea level for 2, 6 and 10 weeks. These ‘alpine runs’ were compared with three lowland samplings from before and 2 and 6 weeks after the alpine grazing where a silage–concentrate mix was fed. In each run, nine replicates of four forages each were incubated. These forages differed in type and origin (alpine hay, lowland ryegrass hay, grass–maize silage mix, pure hemicellulose) as well as in the content of nutrients. Concentrations of phenolic compounds in the incubated forages were (g/kg dry matter (DM)): 20 (tannin proportion: 0.47), 8 (0.27), 15 (0.52) and 0 (0), respectively. Crude protein was highest in the silage mix and lowest with hemicellulose, whereas the opposite was the case for fiber. The total phenol contents (g/kg DM) for the high altitude and the lowland diet of the donor cow were 27 (tannins: 0.50 of phenols) and 12 (0.27), respectively. Independent of the origin of the rumen fluid, the incubation with alpine hay decreased (P< 0.05) bacterial counts, fermentation gas amount, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production as well as ammonia and methane concentrations in fermentation gas (the latter two being not lower when compared with hemicellulose). Alpine grazing of the cow in turn increased (P< 0.001) bacterial counts and, to a lesser extent, acetate proportion compared with lowland feeding. Further, alpine grazing decreased protozoal count (P< 0.05) and VFA production (P< 0.001) to a small extent, whereas methane remained widely unchanged. There were interactions (P< 0.05) between forage type incubated and feeding period of the donor cow in protozoal counts, acetate:propionate ratio, fermentation gas production and its content of methane,in vitroorganic matter digestibility and metabolizable energy. Although increased phenolic compounds were the most consistent common property of the applied alpine forages, a clear attribution to certain effects was not possible in this study. As a further result, adaptation (long-term for donor cow, short term for 24 h incubations) appears to influence the expression of alpine forage effects in ruminal fermentation.

show abstract

Saponin rich tropical fruits affect fermentation and methanogenesis in faunated and defaunated rumen fluid

Cited by 183 publications

References 31 publications

Bioactivity of phytochemicals in some lesser-known plants and their effects and potential applications in livestock and aquaculture production systems

Bioactivity of phytochemicals in some lesser-known plants and their effects and potential applications in livestock and aquaculture production systems

An <i>in vitro</i> study on the effect of sage, <i>Salvia officinalis</i> L., on rumen fermentation

Effects of species-diverse high-alpine forage on in vitro ruminal fermentation when used as donor cow's feed or directly incubated

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About