Saponins as adipokines modulator: A possible therapeutic intervention for type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Development of type 2 diabetes has been linked to β-cell failure coupled with insulin resistance and obesity. Adipose tissue, known as the fat store, secretes a number of hormones and proteins collectively termed adipokines some of which regulate insulin sensitivity. Dysregulation in the secretion of adipokines has been linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In this review, we summarized evidence of the role of adipokines with focus on leptin, adiponectin, adipsin, visfatin and apelin in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and discussed the potential of saponins to modify the ill-regulated adipokines secretions, which could promote the use of this class of phytochemicals as potential antidiabetics agents.

High-Salt Intake Ameliorates Hyperglycemia and Insulin Resistance in WBN/Kob-Leprfa/fa Rats: A New Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

“…The present study has several limitations. Firstly, disturbed regulation of adipokines, including resistin and visfatin, as well as adiponectin, is implicated in the development of insulin resistance and T2DM [ 35 ]. Thus, whether inhibition of hyperglycemia by HS intake observed in WBKDF rats was solely due to adiponectin remains to be elucidated.…”

Effect of metformin on testicular expression and localization of leptin receptor and levels of leptin in the diabetic mice

“…In DM1 and DM2, there is much evidence regarding the impaired functions of the male reproductive system and the decreased spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in humans and experimental rodents (Ding et al, 2015; Maresch, Stute, Alves et al, 2017; Roy, Chenkual, & Gurusubramanian, 2015). Currently, the data have been obtained on the relationship between the male reproductive system and the levels and functional activity of the adipokines, such as leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and visfatin (Elekofehinti, Ejelonu, Kamdem, Akinlosotu, & Adanlawo, 2017; Elfassy et al, 2018; Estienne et al, 2019). Although the adipokines are synthesized and secreted by the adipose tissue, the expression of adipokines and components of their signaling cascades is shown in the testes (Gurusubramanian & Roy, 2014; Rak, Mellouk, Froment, & Dupont, 2017).…”

Predictors of HbA1c among adipocytokine biomarkers in African American men with varied glucose tolerance

“…The 14 measured adipocytokine biomarkers were chosen based on literature review and data including our previous data [39] showing involvement of these biomarkers in T2D development, progression and/or complications [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][19][20][21]. The nal model accounting for the most variance in chronic glycemic control as measured by HbA1c included adipsin and TNF-a.…”

“…Part of this challenge includes the multifactorial metabolic con uence contributing to glucose homeostasis [6]. Among these factors, in ammation-related proteins cytokines [7][8][9][10][11][12] and adipose tissue-secreted proteins adipokines [13][14][15][16] appear to play important role. Notably, numerous studies have explored the hypothesis that in ammation and adiposity may contribute to T2D by investigating cell signaling, animal models, and gene knockout models [7,17,18].…”

“…Adipokines are secreted by white adipose tissue and have been found to be active contributors to glucose homeostasis [13][14][15][16]. Among these adipokines, adipsin, resistin, and lipocalin-2 are implicated as important mediators of in ammation [11,13,27].…”