Saponins, IL12 and BCG adjuvant in the FML-vaccine formulation against murine visceral leishmaniasis

Antigenic extracts of Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania amazonensis associated with saponin partially protects BALB/c mice against Leishmania chagasi infection by suppressing IL-10 and IL-4 production

“…These antigens were used in conjunction with saponin, an adjuvant that has been used in studies involving VL or cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice and dogs (Santos et al 2002, Nico et al 2007, Fernandes et al 2008, Borja-Cabrera et al 2010. We found that both vaccine candidates were able to reduce parasite load in the liver, but that only the L. amazonensis immunogenic extract reduced the parasite load of the spleen.…”

Selection of Adjuvants for Enhanced Vaccine Potency

“…Liposomes have been shown to enhance the uptake of CpG ODN (16-mer) by immune cells in spleen and lymph nodes [440] and DC maturation by these adjuvants [438]. Other combinations include MPA/trehalose dicorynomycolate for a protein vaccine [445], chi-tosan/LTK63 (a nontoxic E. coli enterotoxin mutant) for DT-conjugated group C meningococcal polysaccharide antigen [446], chitosan/muramyl di-peptide (MDP) for Helicobacter pylori urease [230], PLG microparticles/ MF59 for recombinant protein antigens [447], PLGA particles/LPS for West Nile encephalitis [291], proteosome/LPS for influenza virus [448], QS-21 combinations with a variety of adjuvants for KLH-conjugated peptide vaccine [237], and FML (a glycoprotein complex) combinations with a variety of adjuvants for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) [449]. More complex adjuvant systems (3 adjuvant components) have also been tried.…”

“…These include, GM-CSF/IL-2/emulsion for HPV16 E7 peptide antigen [352], liposome/polycation/DNA (LPD) particles for HPV 16 E7 protein antigen [450], CpG (1826)/indolicidin/ olyphosphazene for OVA [88], QS21/ GM-CSF/MPL/emulsion system for KLH-conjugated peptide antigens [244]. Although some of these combinations have been compared, the results are difficult to interpret as their doses and preparations are different [237,449].…”

Heterologous Prime-Boost Vaccination with the LACK Antigen Protects against Murine Visceral Leishmaniasis

“…A heterologous prime-boost regimen using DNA and the replication-competent Western Reserve (WR) strain of vaccinia virus expressing the LACK antigen was recently explored in canine VL (37). However, the immune response in the canine model is known to significantly differ from those in the murine and human hosts of leishmaniae in terms of their regulation by interleukin-13 (IL-13), IL-12, and IL-10 (34,35,38,39). Previous leishmaniasis vaccine studies, however, have demonstrated that the murine model can be predictive for vaccine outcomes in nonhuman-primate models (3,5,21).…”