Sapoviruses in Children With Acute Gastroenteritis From Manaus , Amazon Region, Brazil, 2010-2011

Abstract

SUMMARYSapoviruses (SaVs) are responsible for acute gastroenteritis in humans, especially children and the elderly. In Brazil, data on SaVs infections are very limited, especially in Northern Brazil. Here, we investigated the occurrence of SaVs in samples from hospitalized children under ten years old that presented acute gastroenteritis. Positive samples were genotyped and phylogenetic analysis was performed using prototype strains sequences obtained from GenBank database. In total, 156 fecal samples were screened by RT-PCR for SaVs. A positivity rate of 3.8% (6/156) was found in children under three years of age. Four genotypes were detected: GI.I, GI.2 and GII.2?-GII.4?/GII.4, suggesting a possible inter-genotypes recombination. Most infections (83.3%) occurred between August and September. The positivity was similar to that found in other countries and genotyping demonstrated the presence of distinct genotypes. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the circulation of SaVs in Manaus, state of Amazonas, Amazon region, Brazil.

Detection and genotyping of enteric viruses in hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis in Belém, Brazil: Occurrence of adenovirus viremia by species F, types 40/41

“…For instance, a positivity of 3.8% (6/156) was reported among children admitted for AGE in Manaus, Amazonas state, Northern Brazil. 41 A similar (4.9%) rate of SaV-related gastroenteritis was reported in Belém, Brazil in 2003 based on a cohort of children who sought treatment from a public outpatient unit. 42 Furthermore, a lower rate of 2.5% was reported among diarrheic children of African-descendant who lived in a semi-closed community on the outskirts of Belém (the "Quilombola") from 2008 to 2010.…”

“…The rate obtained for SaV‐related gastroenteritis in our study (4.6%) is similar to previously reported rates in Brazil. For instance, a positivity of 3.8% (6/156) was reported among children admitted for AGE in Manaus, Amazonas state, Northern Brazil . A similar (4.9%) rate of SaV‐related gastroenteritis was reported in Belém, Brazil in 2003 based on a cohort of children who sought treatment from a public outpatient unit .…”

Human sapovirus GI.2 and GI.3 from children with acute gastroenteritis in northern Brazil

“…Several studies demonstrate HSaV GI.2 as one of the main genotypes associated with outbreaks and sporadic cases of AGE, 14 , 15 , 16 including in Brazil. 6 , 17 The data obtained here confirmed the epidemiological role of HSaV GI.2 genotype in AGE etiology. HSaV GI.3 genotype appears to be detected more sporadically.…”

Molecular Epidemiology of Sapovirus in Children Living in the Northwest Amazon Region

“…Unfortunately, the number of sapovirus samples genotyped in Brazil are few. The genotypes here identified, except for GIV.1, have been detected in children under 5 years old with AGE living in different regions in Brazil, including the Amazon region [ 19 , 20 , 34 ]. The phylogenetic analysis showed greater similarity with sapoviruses from countries other than Brazil, which could be explained by the Amazon region having an intense influx of tourism from other countries.…”

“…The genotype diversity detected in low-income communities may play a significant role in the burden of AGE [ 15 , 16 ], and subclinical infections and diarrhea in children seem to give a minimal degree of protection to sapovirus [ 17 ]. Children less than 5 years old living in the low-income communities of the Amazon region are highly affected by AGE, and human sapoviruses have been observed with considerable diversity [ 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”