Sarcoidosis in children

Pattishall, Edward N.; Kendig, Edwin L.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0496(199609)22:3<195::aid-ppul9>3.0.co;2-o

Cited by 85 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Two distinct forms of childhood sarcoidosis appear to exist. Older children and young adults present most frequently with a multisystemic disease in a combination of lymphadenopathy, pulmonary, ocular and cutaneous involvement (erythema nodosum) [2,8,11,13], followed by joint (sarcoidal arthritis) and hepatosplenic features [8,11,13]. The disease patterns and clinical outcomes are similar to those in adults.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The true incidence and prevalence of sarcoidosis in children is unknown as the disease is much less common in children than in adults [13]. It is difficult to diagnose in symptomatic children and may remain undiagnosed in subclinical or asymptomatic patients [8,11].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is difficult to diagnose in symptomatic children and may remain undiagnosed in subclinical or asymptomatic patients [8,11]. Several larger reviews reported that the incidence of clinically recognized sarcoidosis in children was 0.22 to 0.29/100,000 children per year, and gradually increases with age to a small peak in teenagers at 13-15 years of age [2,8,11,13,15]. Two distinct forms of childhood sarcoidosis appear to exist.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pulmonary disease is the most common cause of chronic disease and death in adults [9]. As in adults, older children usually present with hilar lymphadenopathy and up to 50% present with interstitial lung disease and multiorgan involvement, while progression to chronic diseases occurs in 12% of these children [2,8,13]. Korsten et al defined pulmonary sarcoidosis refractory to treatment as progressive disease and significant impairment of life despite glucocorticoid therapy for at least three months and the need for additional anti-sarcoid drugs [32].…”

Section: High-risk Sarcoidosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diagnosis of sarcoidosis is relatively uncommon in children [8,[11][12][13], and high-risk sarcoid may present differently in children than in adults [8,14]. In this review, we search the English literature and aim to review the clinical investigations and laboratory diagnostics of sarcoidosis in this population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Pediatric Sarcoidosis: A Review with Emphasis on Early Onset and High-Risk Sarcoidosis and Diagnostic Challenges

et al. 2019

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Sarcoidosis is a non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammatory syndrome with multisystemic manifestations. We performed a systematic review of sarcoidosis in the pediatric population with particular emphases on early onset sarcoidosis, high-risk sarcoidosis, and newly reported or unusual sarcoid-related diseases. Blau Syndrome and early onset sarcoidosis/ BS-EOS are seen in children younger than five years old presenting with extra-thoracic manifestations but usually without lymphadenopathy and/or pulmonary involvement. The prevalence of high-risk sarcoidosis is very low in children and is further limited by the difficulty of diagnosis in symptomatic children and underdiagnosis in subclinical or asymptomatic patients. Reports of sarcoidal syndromes in users of E-cigarette/marijuana/other flavorings and their induction in cancer immunotherapies are of interests and may be challenging to differentiate from metastatic malignancy. The diagnostic considerations in pediatric sarcoidosis are to support a compatible clinicoradiographic presentation and the pathologic findings of non-necrotizing granulomas by ruling out granulomas of infective etiology. There is no absolutely reliable diagnostic test for sarcoidosis at present. The use of endoscopic bronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and transbronchial fine needle aspiration (TBNA) sampling of intrathoracic lymph nodes and lung, and for superficially accessible lesions, with cytopathological assessment and pathological confirmations provide fair diagnostic yield and excellent patient safety profile in children.

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