Sarcomas other than Kaposi sarcoma occurring in immunodeficiency

Bhatia, Kishor; Shiels, Meredith S.; Berg, Alexandra; Engels, Eric A.

doi:10.1097/cco.0b013e328355e115

Cited by 54 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…The median age of presentation of soft tissue sarcoma is about 60 years, which is slightly higher than previous studies conducted. 12,14 The mean age in a study in Japan was 51years while that from a study in Kano, Nigeria was 39 years. 10,12 The majority of the patients were between the age groups 21-30 years (21.1%) and 51-60 years (18.7%), with 1 patient being over 70 years.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinicopathological pattern of soft tissue sarcoma in a tertiary health institution in North Western Nigeria

et al. 2018

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Background: Soft tissue sarcomas are a rare group of heterogeneous tumours that consist of several neoplasia which differentiate into different cell lines. They could arise from the mesodermal or ectodermal embryonic germ layers. Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue tumour in the paediatric age group in most studies, while in adults, malignant fibrous histocytoma, liposarcoma and fibrosarcoma are seen to be more predominant. The study aims to highlight the histological patterns, clinical presentation, associated risk factors and the patients’ performance status at presentation.Methods: This is a 5-year retrospective between the period of 2010 to 2015 of all cancer patients diagnosed with soft tissue sarcoma, seen in the department of radiotherapy and oncology, a tertiary health centre in Sokoto Nigeria. Data collected included socio-demographic, histological type, clinical features, and performance status.Results: A total of 123 patients were reviewed during the study period of 2010 to 2015: males were 81 (65.9%) and females were 42 (34.1%), with a male to female ratio of 1.93:1. The commonest histological type in both the adult and paediatric age group was rhabdomyosarcoma. Most patients presented with a swelling as seen in 62 (50.4%) cases. The extremities were the commonest site of involvement, with the lower limbs consisting 41 (33%) of the total patients reviewed.Conclusions: Rhabdomyosarcoma was the most predominant histological type of soft tissue sarcoma seen over the review period and was seen in both the paediatric and adult age groups as the commonest type.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immunosuppression is also a risk factors for soft tissue sarcomas. 13,14 HIV associated malignancy have increased risk for patients having soft tissue sarcoma. Kaposi sarcoma is a soft tissue sarcoma seen in patients with AIDS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinicopathological pattern of soft tissue sarcoma in a tertiary health institution in North Western Nigeria

et al. 2018

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“…Interestingly, 11 of 18 cases of angiosarcoma after a renal transplant occurred at an arteriovenous fistula. 18 No cases of angiosarcoma occurred after a liver transplant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The risk of Kaposi sarcoma is 500 times greater for the transplanted patient than it is for the general population. 16,17 A recent study by Bhatia and associates 18 that examined the incidence of non-Kaposi sarcoma in immuno-compromised patients, found that angiosarcoma likely occurred disproportionately, comprising 18% of all non-Kaposi sarcoma in organ transplant patients as compared to 3.8% in the general population. Overall, the authors identified 18 cases of posttransplant angiosarcoma, with all cases occurring exclusively in renal transplant patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

Blackmon

Rajpara

Patel

et al. 2014

Exp Clin Transplant

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Angiosarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm of vascular endothelial cells. A majority are primarily in the skin. Angiosarcoma of the head and neck is the most common form, but only constitutes 0.1% of all head and neck malignancies. We present an extraordinary case of a 71 year-old male six months status post orthotopic liver transplant secondary to end stage liver disease from cryptogenic cirrhosis, who presented to the liver clinic with a rapidly growing scalp tumor and hypodense lesions within the liver. Further work-up and biopsies confirmed the first documented case of primary scalp angiosarcoma with metastasis to the liver in an orthotopic liver transplant patient. Case ReportA 71-year-old man with an orthotopic liver transplant 6 months earlier, secondary to end-stage liver disease from cryptogenic cirrhosis, presented to the liver clinic with abdominal distension and worsening ascites. The patient was otherwise asymptomatic and denied having fever, chills, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. For immunosuppression, he had been receiving tacrolimus 2 mg twice daily, with tacrolimus levels between 5 and 8. An ultrasound, followed by a computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen, showed numerous small cystic lesions with peripheral enhancement throughout the liver. These findings led the team to be concerned about liver abscesses (Figure 1). The patient was admitted to the hospital for a further work-up.Piperacillin and tazobactam IV were given as antibiotic therapy, and the patient underwent computed tomography-guided paracentesis, aspiration of cystic fluid, and a core needle liver biopsy. The dermatology department was consulted to evaluate a rapidly enlarging and bleeding scalp lesion, present for 5 weeks. A physical examination revealed a bleeding, firm, indurated nodule on the right temporal scalp, with peripheral purpura and ecchymosis extending down the forehead to the right temple (Figure 2). A satellite skin-colored nodule also was noted posterior to the primary lesion. Biopsy of the primary nodule showed dense, diffuse hemorrhagic proliferation of enlarged pleomorphic, mitotic epithelioid, and spindled CD31+ cells, consistent with the diagnosis of epithelioid angiosarcoma (Figure 3)

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“…49,50 The pathogenesis of both endemic and HIV-associated KS has been unequivocally linked to the infection by human herpes virus 8, also termed Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpes virus. 24 The role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of AIDS-related KS has been well described, because CD169 + macrophages were found associated to the typical KS lesions. 49 The establishment of M1-/T helper cells 1-biased immune responses involving CD8 + T cell activation and leading to the production of T helper cells 1 cytokines that promote the progression of KS is supported by studies showing that administration of IFN-γ or tumor necrosis factor-α to patients with HIV-1 + leads to KS development and disease progression.…”

Section: Macrophage Polarization and Hcmv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%