Sarcopenia: Alternative Definitions and Associations with Lower Extremity Function

Newman, Anne B.; Kupelian, Varant; Visser, Marjolein; Simonsick, Eleanor M.; Goodpaster, Bret H.; Nevitt, M.; Kritchevsky, Stephen B.; Tylavsky, Frances A.; Rubin, Susan M.; Harris, Tamara B.

doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51534.x

Cited by 860 publications

(824 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…3 Finally, the residual method was defined as the reference values of sex-specific lower 20% of the distribution of residuals between measured ASM and the ASM predicted by linear regression analysis used to model the relationship between ASM as a dependent variable, and age, height (meters), and total fat mass (kg) as independent variables. 11 A positive residual indicates a relatively muscular individual, whereas negative residual is indicative of a relatively sarcopenic individual. 12 Obesity was defined as values greater than the median total fat percentage for each sex 8 or the upper two quintiles for total body fat percentage of the study population.…”

Section: Definition Of Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although many obese persons with low muscle mass in relation to body weight have disabilities and cardiometabolic risk factors, 11,13 the ASM/height 2 index does not identify most obese people with sarcopenia. For this reason, we present a new definition of SO using the SMI of two s.d.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ASM/height 2 index is highly correlated with body mass index (BMI) as a current criterion for obesity. 11 Thus, this index primarily identified thin people as sarcopenic and could have limited applications for underestimating sarcopenia in overweight or obese subjects. 12 To overcome this limitation, Newman et al 11 and Delmonico et al 12 proposed new criteria for sarcopenia based on the amount of lean mass being lower than expected for a given amount of fat mass using residuals from linear regression models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 Thus, this index primarily identified thin people as sarcopenic and could have limited applications for underestimating sarcopenia in overweight or obese subjects. 12 To overcome this limitation, Newman et al 11 and Delmonico et al 12 proposed new criteria for sarcopenia based on the amount of lean mass being lower than expected for a given amount of fat mass using residuals from linear regression models. In addition, Janssen et al 3 proposed a definition of sarcopenia as skeletal muscle mass index (SMI (%), skeletal muscle mass (kg)/weight (kg) Â 100) of one or two s.d.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in Korean adults: the Korean sarcopenic obesity study

et al. 2009

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Objectives: To examine the prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity (SO) as defined by different indices, including appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM)/height 2 , skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and residuals for Korean adults, and to explore the association between SO and metabolic syndrome. Methods: Our study sample included 526 participants (328 women, 198 men) for whom complete data on body composition were collected using available dual X-ray absorptiometry. Modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria were used to identify the individuals with metabolic syndrome. Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia and SO is higher in older adults. Using two s.d. of ASM/height 2 below reference values from young, healthy adults as a definition of sarcopenia, the prevalence of sarcopenia and SO was 6.3% and 1.3% in older (X60 years) men and 4.1% and 0.8% in older women, respectively. The prevalence of sarcopenia using the residuals method was 15.4% in older men and 22.3% in older women. In addition, using two s.d. of SMI, the prevalence of sarcopenia and SO was 5.1% and 5.1%, respectively, in older men and 14.2% and 12.5%, respectively, in older women. Among women, SO subjects defined by the SMI had three times the risk of metabolic syndrome (odds ratios (OR) ¼ 3.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) ¼ 1.21-8.66) and non-sarcopenic obese subjects had approximately twice the risk of metabolic syndrome (OR ¼ 2.17, 95% CI ¼ 1.22-3.88) compared with normal subjects. Similar trends were observed in men. Conclusion: The prevalence and cutoff values of sarcopenia and SO in the Korean population were evaluated using different methods. Among the different indices of sarcopenia and SO, SO only defined using the SMI was associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome. As the Korean population gets older and more obese, the problematics of SO need to be elucidate.

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Section: Definition Of Metabolic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in Korean adults: the Korean sarcopenic obesity study

et al. 2009

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“…Muscle mass adjusted more generally for body size rather than height alone is more strongly correlated with physical function than muscle mass indexed to height‐squared 4. Consequently, some experts have recommended alternative approaches, requiring adjustment for body size among overweight or obese individuals 11, 12, 13. Moreover, in a previous report by Lamarca and colleagues among elderly patients on maintenance hemodialysis, prevalence of loss of muscle mass ranged from 4 to 74% depending on the method of body composition, including anthropometric measurement, bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry 14.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Considering technique of assessment and method for normalizing skeletal muscle mass

Saitoh

Ishida

Springer

2017

J cachexia sarcopenia muscle

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Concordance and Discrepancies Among 5 Creatinine-Based Equations for Assessing Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Older Adults

et al. 2023

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ImportanceThere is uncertainty as to which estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equation should be used among older adults.ObjectiveTo compare the 5 most commonly used creatinine-based eGFR equations in older adults, quantifying the concordance among the equations, comparing their discriminative capacity in regards to 15-year mortality, and identifying sources of potential discrepancies.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used data from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K), a longitudinal study of adults aged 60 years or older in Sweden. Participants were recruited between 2001 and 2004 and followed up for mortality until December 2016. Participants missing creatinine values were excluded. Data were originally analyzed March through July 2022, and were rerun in January 2023.ExposuresFive creatinine-based equations were considered: Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), 2009 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiological Collaboration (CKD-EPI), Revised Lund-Malmö (RLM), Berlin Initiative Study (BIS), and European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC).Main Outcomes and MeasuresConcordance between equations was quantified using Cohen κ. Discriminative capacity for mortality was quantified using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the Harrel C statistic. Calf circumference, body mass index (BMI), and age were explored as correlates of discrepancies.ResultsThe study sample consisted of 3094 older adults (1972 [63.7%] female; median [IQR] age, 72 [66-81] years). Cohen κ between dyads of equations ranged from 0.42 to 0.91, with poorest concordance between MDRD and BIS, and best between RLM and EKFC. MDRD and CKD-EPI provided higher estimates of GFR compared with the other equations. The best mix of AUC and Harrel C statistic was observed for BIS (0.80 and 0.73, respectively); however, the prognostic accuracy for death decreased among those aged over 78 years and those with low calf circumference. Differences between equations were inconsistent across levels of calf circumference, BMI, and age.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, we found that eGFR equations were not interchangeable when assessing kidney function. BIS outperformed other equations in predicting mortality; however, its discriminative capacity was reduced in subgroup analyses. Clinicians should consider these discrepancies when monitoring kidney function in old age.

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Sarcopenia: Alternative Definitions and Associations with Lower Extremity Function

Abstract: These findings suggest that fat mass should be considered in estimating prevalence of sarcopenia in women and in overweight or obese individuals.

Cited by 860 publications

References 19 publications

Prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in Korean adults: the Korean sarcopenic obesity study

Prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in Korean adults: the Korean sarcopenic obesity study

Considering technique of assessment and method for normalizing skeletal muscle mass

Concordance and Discrepancies Among 5 Creatinine-Based Equations for Assessing Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Older Adults

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