Sarcopenia in the Elderly

Dionyssiotis, Yannis

doi:10.17925/ee.2019.15.1.13

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Skeletal deficit and muscle loss have emerged as major issues for elder adults (1)(2)(3). Several reports have documented the comorbidity of osteopenia and osteoporosis in patients with dementia (4)(5)(6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone and Lean Mass Loss and Cognitive Impairment for Healthy Elder Adults: Analysis of the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan 2013–2016 and a Validation Study With Structural Equation Modeling

et al. 2021

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Purpose: Bone and lean mass loss and cognitive impairment are prevalent in elder adults and have been hypothesized to share a potential link.Methods: This nationwide cross-sectional study systemically sampled elder adults aged ≥65 years and conducted the door-to-door survey. The causal diagrams help to decide which covariates were included in the generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs). The structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed for the validation.Results: A total of 535 participants were enrolled and categorized into the normal (67.3%), mild cognitive impairment (18.3%), and dementia groups (14.4%). With increasing in the severity of cognitive impairment, the bone marrow density and lean mass consistently showed the trend of decreasing values. In the GLMMs, a significant association existed between the decrease of the bone mineral density (BMD) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (β = 5.819 scores per g/cm2 decrease, p = 0.0305) with adjustment of the age, sex, and physical activity. The SEM models confirmed that the MMSE was significantly and directly predicted by the age (β = 0.1363, p = 0.0003) and BMD (β = 0.1251, p = 0.0006) independently and indirectly predicted by lean mass (β = 0.1138, p = 0.0003) through the bone density path.Conclusion: In conclusion, an independent association between bone loss and cognitive impairment was existed rather than the confounding effect and the decrease of lean mass indirectly contributed to cognitive impairment by influencing the bone density.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone and Lean Mass Loss and Cognitive Impairment for Healthy Elder Adults: Analysis of the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan 2013–2016 and a Validation Study With Structural Equation Modeling

et al. 2021

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“…Sarcopenia is characterized by a chronic deficit in muscle protein storage, which results in the progressive loss of muscle mass quality and strength and/or physical performance [ 1 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. So far, two distinct forms of sarcopenia have been described: age-mediated loss of muscle mass (primary sarcopenia) and loss of muscle mass without the emphasis on muscle function (secondary sarcopenia or disease-related sarcopenia), which can be associated, among others, with COPD, heart, and renal failure [ 29 ].…”

Section: Use and Misuse Of The Term “Cachexia” In Fasting Muscle mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, two distinct forms of sarcopenia have been described: age-mediated loss of muscle mass (primary sarcopenia) and loss of muscle mass without the emphasis on muscle function (secondary sarcopenia or disease-related sarcopenia), which can be associated, among others, with COPD, heart, and renal failure [ 29 ]. Although sarcopenia is typically observed in the elderly [ 27 , 28 , 30 ], it can be a severe comorbidity of cancer (secondary sarcopenia), malnutrition, and disuse conditions in young subjects [ 1 ]. Nevertheless, most sarcopenic individuals are not cachectic.…”

Section: Use and Misuse Of The Term “Cachexia” In Fasting Muscle mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pound of Flesh: What Cachexia Is and What It Is Not

et al. 2021

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Body weight loss, mostly due to the wasting of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, is the hallmark of the so-called cachexia syndrome. Cachexia is associated with several acute and chronic disease states such as cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart and kidney failure, and acquired and autoimmune diseases and also pharmacological treatments such as chemotherapy. The clinical relevance of cachexia and its impact on patients’ quality of life has been neglected for decades. Only recently did the international community agree upon a definition of the term cachexia, and we are still awaiting the standardization of markers and tests for the diagnosis and staging of cancer-related cachexia. In this review, we discuss cachexia, considering the evolving use of the term for diagnostic purposes and the implications it has for clinical biomarkers, to provide a comprehensive overview of its biology and clinical management. Advances and tools developed so far for the in vitro testing of cachexia and drug screening will be described. We will also evaluate the nomenclature of different forms of muscle wasting and degeneration and discuss features that distinguish cachexia from other forms of muscle wasting in the context of different conditions.

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“…Also, adiponectin is shown to be associated with increased muscle regeneration and decreased proteolysis which ultimately led to increased muscle mass [ 20 ]. Sarcopenia, a pathological condition of progressive muscle loss in aging [ 21 ] or cancer [ 22 ], is negatively correlated with plasma adiponectin levels [ 23 ]. Serum adiponectin levels were significantly lower in a cohort of sarcopenic patients compared with their non-sarcopenic controls [ 24 ].…”

Section: Pleiotropic Role Of Adiponectinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue-specific role and associated downstream signaling pathways of adiponectin

Roy

Palaniyandi

2021

Cell Biosci

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According to the World Health Organization, metabolic syndrome (MetS) can be defined as a pathological condition characterized by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. The incidence of MetS keeps rising, as at least 35% of the USA population suffers from MetS. One of the worst comorbidities of metabolic syndrome are cardiovascular diseases that significantly amplifies the mortality associated with this syndrome. There is an urgent need to understand the pathophysiology of MetS to find novel diagnosis, treatment and management to mitigate the MetS and associated complications. Altered circulatory adiponectin levels have been implicated in MetS. Adiponectin has numerous biologic functions including antioxidative, anti-nitrative, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects. Being a pleiotropic hormone of multiple tissues, tissue-specific key signaling pathways of adiponectin will help finding specific target/s to blunt the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome and associated disorders. The purpose of this review is to elucidate tissue-specific signaling pathways of adiponectin and possibly identify potential therapeutic targets for MetS as well as to evaluate the potential of adiponectin as a biomarker/therapeutic option in MetS.

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Sarcopenia in the Elderly

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

Bone and Lean Mass Loss and Cognitive Impairment for Healthy Elder Adults: Analysis of the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan 2013–2016 and a Validation Study With Structural Equation Modeling

Bone and Lean Mass Loss and Cognitive Impairment for Healthy Elder Adults: Analysis of the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan 2013–2016 and a Validation Study With Structural Equation Modeling

A Pound of Flesh: What Cachexia Is and What It Is Not

Tissue-specific role and associated downstream signaling pathways of adiponectin

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