Sarcopenia - Mechanisms and Treatments

Jones, Terry E.; Stephenson, Katherine W; King, Julia G; Knight, Kylie R; Marshall, Tara L.; Scott, Wayne

doi:10.1519/00139143-200932020-00008

Cited by 101 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Treatment strategies have mainly focused on hormone replacement therapies, dietary interventions, pharmaceuticals, and various types of physical exercise. Despite such research efforts, interventions using pharmaceutical or nutritional supplements to treat sarcopenia have lacked efficacy in improving muscle function and size due to inconclusive findings or limited evidence [178]. In addition, thus far, relatively few interventional strategies have focused on muscle quality-related outcomes.…”

Section: Treatment Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Muscle Quality in Aging: a Multi-Dimensional Approach to Muscle Functioning with Applications for Treatment

2015

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Aging is often accompanied by declines in physical functioning which impedes older adults' quality of life, sense of independence, and ability to perform daily tasks. Age-related decreases in skeletal muscle quantity, termed sarcopenia, have traditionally been blamed for these physical decrements. However, recent evidence suggests that the quality of muscle tissue may be more functionally relevant than its quantity. 'Muscle quality' has been emerging as a means to elucidate and describe the intricate intramuscular changes associated with muscle performance in the context of aging and sarcopenia. While muscle quality has most commonly been defined in terms of muscle composition or relative strength, at the core, muscle quality really describes muscle's ability to function. Skeletal muscle displays a strong structure-function relationship by which several architectural characteristics factor into its functional capacity. This review describes the structural, physiological, and functional determinants of muscle quality at the tissue and cellular level, while also introducing other novel parameters such as sarcomere spacing and integrity, circulating biomarkers, and the muscle quality index. Muscle qualitative features are described from the perspective of how physical exercise may improve muscle quality in older adults. This broad, multidimensional perspective of muscle quality in the context of aging and sarcopenia offers comprehensive insights for consideration and integration in developing improved prognostic tools for research and clinical care, while also promoting translational approaches to the design of novel targeted intervention strategies designed to maintain function and mobility into late life.

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Section: Treatment Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, thus far, relatively few interventional strategies have focused on muscle quality-related outcomes. On the other hand, exercise training (especially resistance-type exercise) has consistently proven to be safe and highly effective intervention for increasing muscle mass, strength, and quality in older adults [178].…”

Section: Treatment Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle Quality in Aging: a Multi-Dimensional Approach to Muscle Functioning with Applications for Treatment

2015

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“…As mammals age they progressively lose muscle mass and strength, a phenomenon known as sarcopenia (Doherty 2003;Edstrom et al 2007;Evans 1995;Jones et al 2009). The consequences of progressive weakness are many and varied and together are major drivers for dependence and mortality in our ageing society (Baumgartner et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related loss of muscle fibres is highly variable amongst mouse skeletal muscles

Sheard

Anderson

2011

Biogerontology

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Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, attributable in part to muscle fibre loss. We are currently unable to prevent fibre loss because we do not know what causes it. To provide a platform from which to better understand the causes of muscle fibre death we have quantified fibre loss in several muscles of aged C57Bl/6J mice. Comparison of muscle fibre numbers on dystrophin-immunostained transverse tissue sections at 6 months of age with those at 24 months shows a significant fibre loss in extensor digitorum longus and soleus, but not in sternomastoid or cleidomastoid muscles. The muscles of the elderly mice were mostly lighter than their younger counterparts, but fibres in the elderly muscles were of about the same cross-sectional area. This study shows that the contribution of fibre death to sarcopenia is highly variable and that there is no consistent pattern of age-related fibre loss between skeletal muscles.

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“…The SYNK swallowing exercise program cover exercises specifically recommended for preventive and therapeutic swallowing interventions in HNC patients although currently not used in the Danish standard care [22]. PRT is introduced to halt the wasting of muscle mass secondary to reduced intake of food and other acute effects of radiotherapy [23,24] and thus buffer against decline in physical function and other QoL aspects [9]. The PRT module builds on principals and exercises already tested and used in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and described by Adamsen et al [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swallowing therapy and progressive resistance training in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy treatment: randomized control trial protocol and preliminary data

et al. 2017

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Background: Head and neck cancer (HNC) patients are often challenged by treatment induced dysphagia and trismus. Traditionally, rehabilitation is initiated when loss of function has already occurred. There is increasing evidence that it is of benefit to patients to initiate an early rehabilitation process before and during treatment. HNC patients have a unique set of functional challenges such as preand post-treatment dysphagia, pain and weight loss. The aim of the trial is to investigate the effects of swallowing and mouth-opening exercises combined with progressive resistance training (PRT) during radiotherapy. This report presents the protocol, interim inclusion and feasibility data. Material and methods: The trial (clinicaltrials.gov NCT02385929) is a multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a parallel-group randomization (1:1). The planned sample size of 240 HNC patients is randomly assigned to either (1) twice weekly PRT and three times weekly swallowing exercises by physio-and occupational therapists, respectively, as well as daily home exercises throughout radiotherapy or (2) standard care. Inclusion criteria are patients with cancer in the larynx, pharynx, oral cavity, or unknown primary tumor who are referred to radiotherapy with curative intent. Outcomes are measured at end-of-treatment and two, five, and 12 months post-treatment. Interim results: In 16 months, 321 HNC patients were screened for eligibility. Of these, 131 (41%) were eligible according to inclusion criteria. One-hundred-and-fifteen patients were invited to participate of which 69 (60%) were enrolled in the trial and randomized for either intervention or control group with 10 drop-outs (14%). The six pilot patients adhered more than 90% to the program. Conclusion: Preliminary results show that exercise according to protocol is tolerable and feasible.

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Sarcopenia - Mechanisms and Treatments

Cited by 101 publications

References 63 publications

Muscle Quality in Aging: a Multi-Dimensional Approach to Muscle Functioning with Applications for Treatment

Muscle Quality in Aging: a Multi-Dimensional Approach to Muscle Functioning with Applications for Treatment

Age-related loss of muscle fibres is highly variable amongst mouse skeletal muscles

Swallowing therapy and progressive resistance training in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy treatment: randomized control trial protocol and preliminary data

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