Sarcopenic obesity as an independent risk factor of hypertension

Park, Seung Ha; Park, Jae Hee; Song, Pil Sang; Kim, Dong Kie; Kim, Ki Hun; Seol, Sang Hoon; Kim, Hyun Kuk; Jang, Hyuk Jai; Lee, Jung Goo; Park, Ha Young; Park, Jinse; Shin, Kyoungsoon; Kim, Doo Il; Moon, Young Soo

doi:10.1016/j.jash.2013.06.002

Cited by 104 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Sarcopenia, the age-related decline in muscle mass and strength, may represent one possible mechanism through which hypertension accelerates functional declines – though this potential is presently speculative given the limited evidence in this area. Several studies from Asian populations have recently demonstrated a cross-sectional link between hypertension and sarcopenia (Han et al, 2014; Park et al, 2013; Wu et al, 2014), while a longitudinal cohort study in Finish individuals reported hypertension as a significant predictor of muscle strength decline over 22 years of follow-up (Stenholm et al, 2012). This potential acceleration of sarcopenia could result in response to hypertension-mediated increases in inflammation and oxidative stress (as discussed above) – key molecular contributors to the development and progression of sarcopenia (Buford et al, 2010; Marzetti et al, 2013; Roubenoff, 2003).…”

Section: Collateral Health Risks Among Older Adults With Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension and aging

Buford

2016

Ageing Research Reviews

421

289

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Hypertension is a highly prevalent condition with numerous health risks, and the incidence of hypertension is greatest among older adults. Traditional discussions of hypertension have largely focused on the risks for cardiovascular disease and associated events. However, there are a number of collateral effects, including risks for dementia, physical disability, and falls/fractures which are increasingly garnering attention in the hypertension literature. Several key mechanisms – including inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction – are common to biologic aging and hypertension development and appear to have key mechanistic roles in the development of the cardiovascular and collateral risks of late-life hypertension. The objective of the present review is to highlight the multi-dimensional risks of hypertension among older adults and discuss potential strategies for treatment and future areas of research for improving overall care for older adults with hypertension.

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Section: Collateral Health Risks Among Older Adults With Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypertension and aging

Buford

2016

Ageing Research Reviews

421

289

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“…Several cross-sectional studies in Korean populations of older adults have found that sarcopenic obese individuals had the worse cardiovascular risk profile. Sarcopenic obesity (based on skeletal muscle assessed by DXA and obesity measured by either computerised tomography, DXA, BMI or WC) was associated with lower cardiorespiratory fitness, higher fasting glucose levels, a higher risk of hypertension, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance, and up to an 8-fold increase in risk of the metabolic syndrome compared with non-sarcopenic, non-obese (48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55) . Similar findings were reported in a community-dwelling sample of Taiwanese older adults; sarcopenic obesity (defined by BIA-measured muscle mass and BMI) was associated with the highest risk of metabolic syndrome (56) .…”

Section: Sarcopenic Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle loss and obesity: the health implications of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity

2015

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Conference on 'Nutrition and age-related muscle loss, sarcopenia and cachexia' Symposium 4: Sarcopenia and cachexia and social, clinical and public health dimensionsMuscle loss and obesity: the health implications of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity S. Goya Wannamethee* and Janice L. AtkinsDepartment of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London NW3 2PF, UK This paper reviews the health implications of obesity, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity on CVD and mortality in older adults and discusses the obesity paradox seen in patients with CVD. Obesity is a major public health problem with increasing prevalence worldwide. It is an established risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adult populations. However, there is controversy surrounding the effects of obesity as measured by BMI in older people, and overweight and obesity (BMI ⩾ 25 kg/m 2 ) are apparently associated with increased survival in those with CVD (obesity paradox). Ageing is associated with an increase in visceral fat and a progressive loss of muscle mass which have opposing effects on mortality. Thus BMI is not a good indicator of obesity in older adults. Sarcopenia, the age-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass, is a major concern in ageing populations and has been associated with metabolic impairment, CVD risk factors, physical disability and mortality. Sarcopenia often coexists with obesity. Sarcopenic obesity is a new category of obesity in older adults who have high adiposity coupled with low muscle mass. To fully understand the effect of obesity on mortality in the elderly it is important to take muscle mass into account. The evidence suggests that sarcopenia with obesity may be associated with higher levels of metabolic disorders and an increased risk of mortality than obesity or sarcopenia alone. Efforts to promote healthy ageing should focus on both preventing obesity and maintaining or increasing muscle mass.Obesity: Muscle: Sarcopenia: CVD: Mortality: Older adults Obesity, i.e. excess body fat usually defined as BMI ⩾ 30 kg/m 2 , is a major public health problem and is well recognised as a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in adult populations. Obesity prevalence in middle-aged and older adults continues to increase worldwide and has doubled since 1980 (1,2) . However, there is controversy surrounding the effects of overweight and obesity in older people, with many studies showing that being overweight, as defined by BMI of 25-29 kg/m 2 , does not appear to be as harmful in the elderly as in middle-aged populations and may even be associated with lower, rather than higher, mortality (3)(4)(5) . In addition, a large body of evidence indicates that overweight and obesity (BMI ⩾ 25 kg/m 2 ) are associated with increased survival in patients with CVD and in particular those with heart failure, an unexpected finding termed the obesity paradox (6)(7)(8)(9)(10) . The mechanisms of these paradoxical association remain largely unexplained but a number of explana...

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“…9 Obesity has long been established as an important and independent risk factor for the development and complication of hypertension. [10][11][12] Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) are simple and valid anthropometric measures for the assessment of obesity and risk of hypertension. 13,14 Ageing population, rapid urbanization and transition from agrarian life to a wage-earning, modern city life are reported as major contributors to increased unhealthy life style pattern in urban areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of hypertension and its association with anthropometric parameters in adult population of Raipur city, Chhattisgarh, India

et al. 2017

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Background: Obesity is now an important emerging public health problem in India. It is one of the major risk factor for hypertension. Overweight persons have two to six fold increase in the risk of developing hypertension. This study was carried out with objective to find out prevalence of Hypertension and assess its association with four obesity-related indices- body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR).Methods: A cross-sectional community-based study was done among 640 study subjects of age group 25-59 years during July 2015 to June 2016. Multi stage random sampling method was used. Data collection was done using WHO STEPS instrument V 3.1. Privacy and confidentiality of data was maintained. Data was entered in the Microsoft excel, collected data was checked for its completeness and correctness before data analysis with the help of PSPP software.Results: Prevalence of hypertension among study subjects was found to be 22.19% (142 out of 640).With respect to body mass index, waist circumference, waist hip ratio and waist height ratio, 4.38%, 64.35%, 85.33%, 76.2% were found to be obese respectively. Hypertension was strongly associated with BMI (p<0.001), waist circumference (p<0.001), waist hip ratio (p<0.05), waist height ratio (p<0.05). Out of the four anthropometric variables waist hip ratio (WHR) was most strongly associated with hypertension (β=420.236, p=0.007).Conclusions: The study shows a rising burden of hypertension among study population. As WHR is the best indicator for measuring obesity, so measurement of WHR should be made compulsory in healthy life style clinics along with other parameters.

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Sarcopenic obesity as an independent risk factor of hypertension

Cited by 104 publications

References 18 publications

Hypertension and aging

Hypertension and aging

Muscle loss and obesity: the health implications of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity

Prevalence of hypertension and its association with anthropometric parameters in adult population of Raipur city, Chhattisgarh, India

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